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Effects of spike variants on cytokine/chemokine gene expression. Total PBMCs from healthy donors were cultured for 6 h in the presence of 12 µg/mL of spike variants or alone. RNA was isolated and analyzed through real-time qPCR. Data are shown as mean (SD) from N = 7 independent experiments. All analyses were carried out in duplicates. p-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA comparing each condition with “Control”. A p-value below 0.05 was considered as significant.
