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. 2023 Oct 24;11(11):2616. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112616

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of ginsenoside on colonic mucosal bacterial community in dogs with IBD. (A) Bacterial composition at the phylum level in the colonic mucosa. (B) Bacterial composition at the genus level in the colonic mucosa. (C) Comparison of Shannon indices of bacterial diversity in the colonic mucosa. (D) Comparison of Simpson indices of bacterial diversity in the colonic mucosa. (E) Comparison of bacterial communities in the colonic mucosa. (F) Heatmap showing significant differences in the dominant bacterial genera of the colonic mucosa. (G) Comparison of Fc γ R−mediated phagocytosis of bacteria in the colonic mucosa. (H) Comparison of hematopoietic cell lineage of bacteria in the colonic mucosa. (I) Comparison of RIG−I−like receptor signaling pathway of bacteria in the colonic mucosa. (J) Comparison of Toll and Imd signaling pathway of bacteria in the colonic mucosa. * indicate p < 0.05.