Table 1.
(A) Inclusion and exclusion criteria. (B) Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample.
| (A) | |
| Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
| Complete eruption of permanent incisors and first permanent molars; | Mono or bilateral cross-bite; Mono or bilateral scissor-bite; |
| Age between 8 and 10 years; 25° < SN-MP < 38°; |
Patients with complete permanent teeth; |
| Lateral cephalogram performed with the same cephalostat; | Skeletal malformations and destructive caries; |
| Skeletal age between (CS2 and CS3), according to the CVM method; | Previous cervical trauma; |
| Absence of temporomandibular joint disorders; | Patients with previous orthodontic treatment; |
| No maxillofacial and airway surgery. | First molar rotated. |
| (B) | |
| SAMPLE | n = 77 |
| MALES | 33 (45.2%) |
| FEMALES | 40 (54.8%) |
| AGE | 9.4 ± 0.8 |
| FISHER TEST FOR GENDER | p < 0.001 |