Table 6.
SCFAs before and after 4-week RRB or RRB + FOS intervention in the R- and IR-groups.
| SCFAs | R-Group (n = 9) | IR-Group (n = 20) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) Amount (µmol/g) 1 |
RRB (Week 4) Amount (µmol/g) 1 |
RRB + FOS (Week 4) Amount (µmol/g) 1 |
p-Value Interv at Week 4 2 |
Baseline (Week 0) Amount (µmol/g) 1 |
RRB (Week 4) Amount (µmol/g) 1 |
RRB + FOS (Week 4) Amount (µmol/g) 1 |
p-Value Interv at Week 4 2 |
|
| Acetic | 178.7 ± 26.0 | 159.7 ± 29.2 | 155.3 ± 35.1 | 0.905 | 162.0 ± 22.9 | 142.3 ± 18.4 | 164.6 ± 17.7 | 0.257 |
| Propionic | 72.6 ± 12.9 | 53.7 ± 8.3 | 51.5 ± 9.3 | 0.712 | 65.7 ± 11.7 | 52.9 ± 5.9 | 62.1 ± 10.5 | 0.426 |
| IsoButyric | 6.6 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 0.412 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 0.208 |
| Butyric | 62.2 ± 12.9 | 52.4 ± 14.5 | 48.7 ± 7.9 | 0.781 | 52.9 ± 7.8 | 45.3 ± 4.9 | 42.6 ± 3.9 | 0.640 |
| IsoValeric | 10.5 ± 3.0 | 9.3 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 0.394 | 9.0 ± 1.0 | 8.7 ± 0.9 | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 0.097 |
| Valeric | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 0.438 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 0.918 |
| 4-Methyl Valeric | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.040 * | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.827 |
| Hexanoic | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 0.224 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.886 |
| Heptanoic | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.073 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.352 |
| Total SCFA | 341.4 ± 51.5 | 289.7 ± 53.4 | 277.3 ± 50.6 | 0.827 | 305.3 ± 40.3 | 262.1 ± 28.4 | 288.3 ± 28.9 | 0.442 |
1 Values are unadjusted means ± SEM. 2 ANCOVA Analysis; * p < 0.05. n—number of participants; RRB—red raspberry smoothie; RRB + FOS—red raspberry smoothie with fructo-oligosaccharide; Interv—intervention; SCFAs—short-chain fatty acids; IR—insulin-resistant; R—reference.