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. 2023 Nov 14;28(22):7575. doi: 10.3390/molecules28227575

Figure 1.

Figure 1

HPLC chromatograms showing that the content of gentiopicrin decreased and the contents of metabolites G-M1 and G-M3 increased with increasing incubation time (A). The level of gentiopicrin decreased after incubation with rat intestinal bacteria for 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, and 180 min (B). The level of gentiopicrin changed only slightly in anaerobic medium after 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, and 180 min of incubation (C). Total ion chromatograms (TICs) showing that there were five metabolites in the extract of gentiopicrin incubated with intestinal bacteria (D). The level of gentiopicrin changed only slightly in liver microsomes after 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min of incubation (E).