C	Concentration of contaminant; mg × L−1
C0	Initial concentration of contaminant; mg × L−1
k	Reaction rate constant; varies
kr	Intrinsic reaction rate constant; s−1
K	Adsorption equilibrium constant; L × mg−1
t	Irradiation time; min
r	Reaction rate; mg × L−1∙min
θ	Surface coverage; dimensionless
q	Adsorbed amount; mg × g−1
Qt	Adsorbed amount at time t; mg × g−1
Qe	Adsorbed amount at equilibrium; mg × g−1
N	Number of viable microbes at time t
N0:	Initial number of viable microbes
F	Photon flux; mW × cm−2
D	Diffusion coefficient; m2 × s−1
dp	Particle diameter; m