. 2023 Oct 29;11(11):2659. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112659

Table 2.

Microbial growth (OD_{600 nm} and pH decreases over time) and microbial levels (increases over time, ∆Log CFU/mL) of mono-cultures and co-cultures of B. bifidum IPLA20048 and L. gasseri IPLA20136 in MRS supplemented with carbohydrate constituent of 2′FL after 24 h of incubation. Significant differences between mono- and co-cultures are indicated with different letters (p-value < 0.05).

	Parameters	Carbon Source	B. bifidum	L. gasseri	Co-Culture	p-Value
Microbial growth	OD_{600 nm}	2′FL	0.99 ± 0.32 ^ab	0.57 ± 0.08 ^a	1.68 ± 0.12 ^b	0.024
		Fucose	0.13 ± 0.12 ^a	0.42 ± 0.10 ^b	0.51 ± 0.10 ^b	0.028
		Galactose	0.37 ± 0.26 ^a	1.91 ± 0.13 ^b	1.92 ± 0.02 ^b	0.009
		Glucose	1.01 ± 0.19 ^a	1.61 ± 0.11 ^b	1.68 ± 0.10 ^b	0.035
		Lactose	1.15 ± 0.23 ^a	1.89 ± 0.03 ^b	1.91 ± 0.03 ^b	0.001
		Control	0.23 ± 0.10 ^a	0.73 ± 0.10 ^b	0.79 ± 0.08 ^b	0.016
	∆ pH	2′FL	−1.09 ± 0.11 ^a	−0.23 ± 0.12 ^b	−1.12 ± 0.15 ^a	0.016
		Fucose	−0.02 ± 0.06	−0.16 ± 0.08	−0.26 ± 0.04	0.252
		Galactose	−0.21 ± 0.26 ^b	−1.27 ± 0.06 ^b	−1.26 ± 0.06 ^b	0.006
		Glucose	−1.32 ± 0.08	−1.38 ± 0.04	−1.35 ± 0.02	0.704
		Lactose	−0.96 ± 0.53	−1.40 ± 0.11	−1.37 ± 0.08	0.896
		Control	0.11 ± 0.18	−0.32 ± 0.10	−0.30 ± 0.03	0.056
Microbial levels Log (UFC/mL)	∆ B. bifidum	2′FL	1.74 ± 0.16 ^b	0.29 ± 0.41 ^a	1.64 ± 0.08 ^b	0.019
		Fucose	−0.34 ± 0.64	0.18 ± 0.25	0.36 ± 0.14	0.335
		Galactose	0.86 ± 0.50 ^b	0.00 ± 0.00 ^a	0.64 ± 0.10 ^b	0.001
		Glucose	2.72 ± 0.86 ^b	0.00 ± 0.00 ^a	0.78 ± 0.56 ^a	0.041
		Lactose	1.96 ± 0.49 ^b	0.00 ± 0.00 ^a	1.62 ± 0.30 ^b	0.019
	∆ L. gasseri	2′FL	−0.05 ± 0.10 ^a	−0.08 ± 0.21 ^a	2.35 ± 0.03 ^b	0.001
		Fucose	−0.14 ± 0.19 ^a	−0.09 ± 0.21 ^a	0.75 ± 0.25 ^b	0.044
		Galactose	−0.14 ± 0.19 ^a	1.17 ± 0.57 ^b	2.33 ± 0.14 ^c	0.014
		Glucose	−0.14 ± 0.19 ^a	1.35 ± 0.14 ^b	2.28 ± 0.36 ^c	0.005
		Lactose	−0.14 ± 0.19 ^a	1.43 ± 0.55 ^b	2.20 ± 0.13 ^b	0.014