Figure 1.

Adaptive evolution of antifungal resistance. (A). Cells in the population that possess a mutation resulting in antifungal drug resistance are selected and become predominant in the population. (B). An elevated mutation rate provides higher genetic diversity within a population on which selection for antifungal-resistant cells can occur. (C). Transient aneuploidy (heteroresistance) occurs in the presence of an antifungal to confer resistance. (D). Permanent aneuploidy-conferring antifungal resistance is selected for in a clinical population. The thick black lines represent schematic chromosomes, with white lines representing mutations.