Table 2.
Independent Factors Associated with Prevalent Lens Opacities (Cataracts) by Type in Chinese Americans (CHES)
| Lens Opacity Type | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factors4,5 | Cortical Only6 | Nuclear Only7 | Mixed8,9 |
| Socio-demographic factors | |||
| Age10 | |||
| 50–59 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 60–69 | 2.6 (2.0, 3.4) | 2.8 (2.3–3.3) | 3.8 (2.9–5.1) |
| 70–79 | 8.3 (5.4, 12.7) | 9.1 (6.5–12.8) | 9.2 (6.6–12.8) |
| 80+ | 11.5 (4.9, 26.9) | 14.4 (7.0–29.7) | 9.0 (5.6–14.6) |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | -- | 1.0 | -- |
| Divorced/widowed | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | ||
| Married/living with partner | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Never | -- | 1.0 | -- |
| Ex-drinker | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | ||
| Current drinker | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | ||
| Biological factors | |||
| Height (per 10 cm) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | -- | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
| Weight (kg) | -- | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (0.1 unit) | -- | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| Family history of cataract | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | -- | -- |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | -- |
| High-density lipoprotein (per 10 mg/dl) | -- | 1.1 (1.02–1.2) | -- |
| Diastolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg) | -- | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | |
| HbA1C (per %) | -- | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | |
Covariates assessed for each lens opacity outcome were those significant at univariate level, p<.10: age, sex, height, waist-to-hip ratio, weight, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, alcohol consumption, marital status, diabetes mellitus, family history of cataract
Risk factors listed without an estimate provided (“—“) represent non-significant variables omitted from the final adjusted model by lens outcome type.
Final adjusted model for cortical-only opacities includes the following covariates: age, sex, height, family history of cataract and diabetes mellitus
Final adjusted model for nuclear-only opacities includes the following covariates: age, sex, marital status, alcohol consumption, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, diabetes mellitus and high-density lipoprotein
Final adjusted model for mixed-type opacities includes the following covariates: age, sex, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and HgA1C
Mixed type opacities include presence of any type of opacity
The test for trend for age-groups is p <0.001 for cortical-only, nuclear-only and mixed-type lens opacities