Table 1.
A summary to studies reported the significance of miR-184 in human cancers and their clinical significance.
| Cancer | Expression change | Investigation method | Population | Pathological Specimen | Target (s) | Significance | Clinical potential | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung cancer | Down | miR-184 transfection, PCR, Luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay | Patients, Cell lines | 59 NSCLC patients, SiHa, and C33A cells | Bcl-2 | miR-184 overexpression conferred resistance to cisplatin in cell lines and also predicted unfavorable response to chemotherapy among NSCLC patients. | Prognostic and therapeutic | [97] |
| Down | Boyden chamber assay, qRT-PCR | Patients, Cell lines | 124 NSCLC tissue biopsies | CDC25A and c-Myc | Inhibition of NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion | Prognostic and therapeutic | [98] | |
| Down | Immunoblotting, microarray and qRT-PCR | SCLC Patients, Cell lines | 72 Serum and tissue biopsy | β-catenin signaling and EPAS1 | Suppression of SCLC metastasis and invasion in vitro | Prognostic and therapeutic | [100] | |
| Endometrial carcinoma | Down | Transfection, Transwell invasion assay, qRT-PCR, dual luciferase reporter assay | EC tissues, Cell lines | 44 fresh EC tissue specimens | CDC25A | Suppression of growth and invasion of EC cells | Therapeutic | [112] |
| Prostate cancer | Down | qRT-PCR, bioinformatics, and Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 499 tumor tissues | DLX1 | Inhibition of cell propagation, migration and invasion | Therapeutic | [117] |
| Breast cancer | Down | qRT-PCR, microarray, bioinformatics, WB, and Luciferase reporter assay | Orthotopic xenografts, cell lines | – | AKT/mTORC1 pathway | Suppression of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo | Prognostic and therapeutic | [122] |
| Down | qRT-PCR, CCK-8, BrdU, Transwell, and wound healing assay | Cell lines | Human BC cell lines (MCF-7 and BT-474) | Bcl-2 | miR-184 and tripterine synergistically restrained the viability, proliferation, and invasion of BC cells. | Therapeutic | [121] | |
| Colorectal cancer | Down | qRT-PCR, CCK-8, Transwell assay, WB analysis, bioinformatics, and luciferase reporter assay | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 32 CRC tissues | IGF-1R | Inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells | Therapeutic | [127] |
| Gastric cancer | Down | Transfection, qRT-PCR, Transwell assay, WB, and bioinformatics analysis | Cell lines | MGC803 GC cells and GES1 and AGS normal cell lines | Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) | Inhibition of proliferation and invasion of GC cells | Therapeutic | [132] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Up | In silico analyses and luciferase reporter assay | Cell lines | HepG2 HCC cells | INPPL1 and caspase 3/7 | Enchantment of cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis | Therapeutic | [137] |
| HNSCC | Up | qRT-PCR | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 20 human samples of tongue SCC | c-Myc | Enhancement of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis | Prognostic and therapeutic | [140] |
| NPC | Down | Microarray, WB, qRT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, dual luciferase reporter assay | Cell lines, tumor xenograft model | 5–8 F, 6-10B, HNE1, SUNE1, CNE-1, and CNE-2 cell lines | Notch2 | Inhibition of cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo | Therapeutic | [153] |
| Glioma | Down | Bioinformatics, microarray, immunohistochemistry, WB, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry | Tumor tissues, Cell lines, tumor xenograft model | 10 glioma tissues and 5 normal brain tissues | SND1 | Inhibition of cell growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo | Therapeutic | [107] |
| Up | transfer miR-184 by lipidosomes, qRT-PCR, WB, MTT, and plate cloning | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | Glioma tissue samples | FOXO3 | Enhancement of cell proliferation and colony formation | Therapeutic | [108] | |
| Down | qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, wound healing and invasion assay, WB, immunohistochemistry | Tumor tissues, Cell lines, tumor xenograft model | 81 glioma samples | TNFAIP2 | Suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induction of apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in vitro and tumor growth in vivo | Therapeutic | [35] | |
| Osteosarcoma | Up | Bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, WB, Annexin V apoptosis detection, and luciferase reporter assay | Cell lines | U-2 OS and MG-63 | BCL2L1 | miR-184 upregulation led to poor response to drug therapy | Therapeutic | [145] |
| Up | Transfection, qRT-PCR, MTT and Transwell assays, WB | Cell lines, tumor xenograft model | U-2OS cells and 143B cells | Wnt and β-catenin | Inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo upon miR-184 overexpression | Therapeutic | [25] | |
| Up | qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 18 OS patients, SOSP-9607 cells | – | miR-184 inhibition may suppress the proliferation, and migration, and induce the apoptosis of OS cells | Therapeutic | [148] | |
| Ovarian cancer | Down | qRT-PCR, WB | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 80 EOC tissues | Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and inflammatory factors | Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis of EOC cells and suppression of inflammatory cytokines | Prognostic and diagnostic | [156] |
| Renal cell carcinoma | – | Transfection, qRT-PCR, Cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays | Cell lines | 786-o and ACHN | – | Inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and induction of apoptosis of RCC cells | Therapeutic | [174] |
| Retinoblastoma | Up | Cell Transfection, luciferase Assay, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, WB, flowcytometry | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 15 paraffin-embedded human RB tissues | SLC7A5 | Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhancement of chemosensitivity | Therapeutic | [161] |
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | Down | Transfection, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, Annexin V apoptosis Analysis, WB | Tumor tissues, Cell lines | 120 PDAC tissues | C-Myc, C-Jun, and Bcl-2 | Inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis of PDAC cells | Prognostic | [175] |
| Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | Down | qRT-PCR, WB, CCK8 proliferation assay, Transwell assay, Annexin V apoptosis Analysis, luciferase reporter assay | Cell lines | A-498 and 786-O cell lines | NUS1 | Suppression of cell proliferation, and invasion and induction of apoptosis | Prognostic and therapeutic | [157] |
| Melanoma | Up | qRT-PCR, tube formation assay | Cell lines | C8161 and C81-61 cells | – | Inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and tube formation | Therapeutic | [158] |
WB: western blotting, MTT: 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; CRC: colorectal cancer; BCL2L1: Bcl-2-like protein 1; SCLC: small-cell lung cancer; EPAS1: endothelial PAS domain protein 1; EC: endometrial carcinoma; NPC: nasopharyngeal carcinoma; EOC: epithelial ovarian cancer.