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. 2023 Nov 25;6:217. doi: 10.1038/s41746-023-00963-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Win ratio with corresponding 95% confidence intervals across the pre-defined interim analysis timepoints. (a) Results from IRIS for a hierarchical endpoint that includes all-cause mortality, followed by non-fatal MACE components, and then all-cause hospitalizations, heart failure events and bone fractures; (b) Results from SPRINT for a hierarchical endpoint that includes all-cause mortality, followed by non-fatal MACE components, and then serious adverse events. The lines correspond to the win ratio point estimate with shaded areas denoting the 95% confidence interval (for the adaptive trial design the point and upper and lower ends of the confidence interval were averaged across the ten simulations). Blue color denotes the adaptive runs, and red color denotes the original trial that includes all patients. IRIS Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke, MACE major adverse cardiovascular events, SPRINT Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial.