Table 3.

CMR biomarkers and long term follow up prognosis

Study	year	N	F/U time	Biomarkers	Results
Gräni et al. [88]	2019	670	4.7 years	LGE	LGE: LGE size and extent was associated with MACE (all-cause death, heart failure decompensation requiring hospital admission, heart transplantation, documented sustained ventricular arrythmia and recurrent acute myocarditis).
Aquaro et al. [16]	2019	187	7 years (6–8 years)	LGE, LVEF	LVEF and LGE extent at the initial CMR, LGE extent, LGE midwall septal pattern, LGE persistence without edema and LGE increase at the CMR f/u were associated with cardiac events. LGE midwall septal pattern and persistence of LGE without edema were independent predictors of cardiac events on multivariate analysis.
Bohnen et al. [71]	2017	48	3 months and 12 months	LGE, T1, T2 and ECV	LGE/ECV: Strong discriminator between myocarditis (acute and healed) versus healthy individuals. Native T1 and T2: Help to discriminate without contrast media acute versus healed myocarditis in the f/u.
Chopra et al. [84]	2016	88	16–50 months	LVEF, RVEF, LGE	LVEF and RVEF was lower in patients with MACEs than without MACEs LGE extension was higher in patients with MACEs rather than free of MACEs. LGE mass was an independent predictor for MACE occurrence.
Sanguineti et al. [85]	2015	203	18.9 ± 8.2 months	T2, EGE, LVEF, LVEDV	Extension of T2 damage and EGE was greater in patients without MACEs LVEF: Lower initial LVEF was an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome at f/u and lower LVEF at f/u. LVEDV: Larger LVEDV at initial presentation was associated with altered LVEF at f/u.
Schumm et al. [73]	2014	405	1591 days	LVEF, LGE	Patients with clinical suspected myocarditis and normal CMR have excellent long-term prognosis. CMR measured LVEF constitute the best independent predictor of cardiac mortality. LGE and LVEF were independent predictors of MACE and hospitalization due to heart failure.
Vermes et al. [86]	2014	37	12 months	T2R, EGE, LGE	Positive LL criteria was associated with lower LVEF and higher LVESV at baseline and lower LVEF at 1-year f/u. Global/regional myocardial edema (T2R) was associated with increase in LVEF > 5%. Global / regional myocardial edema (T2R) was an independent predictor for improvement of systolic function.
Grün et al. [74]	2012	203	4.7 years	LGE, LVEF	LGE: best independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiac related mortality. No patient without LGE experienced SCD. LVEF: NYHA class followed by LVEF in the f/u were the best independent predictors for incomplete recovery.
Mavrogeni et al. [89]	2011	71	12 months	EGE, LGE	EGE: Negative correlation between EGE and LVEF both at initial evaluation and 1-year f/u. LGE: Negative correlation between LGE after 1-year f/u and LVEF.
Zagrosek et al. [87]	2009	36	18 ± 10 months	T2R, EGE and LGE	T2R and EGE decreased at f/u (reversible damage) with improvement of LV functional parameters. LGE: Persisted over the entire course of myocarditis (marker of irreversible damage). T2R in the acute phase was an independent predictor of the change in LVEDV at f/u.