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Health risks due to mislabeled fish based on actual incidents of species substitution [4].
| Actual Market Name | Mislabeled as | Hazards |
|---|---|---|
| escolar | sea bass, white tuna | gempylotoxin, histamine |
| puffer fish | monkfish | tetrodotoxin, paralytic shellfish poisoning |
| Atlantic Spanish mackerel | kingfish | parasites, histamine, ciguatera fish poisoning |
| basa | grouper | environmental chemical contaminants and pesticides |
| grouper | cod | parasites, ciguatera fish poisoning |
