Table 4.
Subgroup analyses according to diagnosis of COPD, age, and asthma severity.
| Study Population (N = 4740) | Dual Therapy (before LAMA Treatment) | Triple Therapy | Absolute Difference |
95% CI | Relative Difference | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis of COPD | ||||||
| FEV1 | ||||||
| Without COPD | 55.3 (6.6) | 57.7 (6.5) | 2.4 | 2.3–2.4 | 4.3% | 0.008 |
| With COPD | 53.5 (6.5) | 56.0 (6.4) | 2.5 | 2.3–2.7 | 4.7% | 0.003 |
| Severe exacerbations | ||||||
| Without COPD | 46.2% | 42.3% | −3.9% | −5.0–(−2.8%) | −8.5% | <0.001 |
| With COPD | 47.5% | 43.4% | −4.1% | −5.0–(−3.2%) | −8.6% | <0.001 |
| Costs | ||||||
| Without COPD | €4711 | €4145 | −€565 | −829 €–(−300 €) | −12.0% | <0.001 |
| With COPD | €4959 | €4356 | −€603 | −982 €–(−224 €) | −12.2% | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||||
| FEV1 (mean, SD) | ||||||
| 18–44 years | 57.4 (6.3) | 62.0 (6.6) | 4.6 | 4.2–5.0 | 8.0% | <0.001 |
| 45–64 years | 56.0 (6.1) | 59.9 (6.0) | 3.9 | 3.5–4.3 | 7.0% | <0.001 |
| 65–74 years | 55.6 (6.7) | 57.9 (6.4) | 2.3 | 1.2–2.4 | 4.1% | 0.009 |
| 75+ years | 53.8 (6.6) | 55.7 (6.4) | 1.9 | 0.8–3.0 | 3.5% | 0.028 |
| Severe exacerbations | ||||||
| 18–44 years | 41.6% | 33.7% | −7.9% | −10.1–(−5.7%) | −18.9% | <0.001 |
| 45–64 years | 43.6% | 35.9% | −7.7% | −9.9–(−5.5%) | −17.7% | <0.001 |
| 65–74 years | 46.8% | 42.7% | −4.1% | −5.4–(−2.8%) | −8.7% | <0.001 |
| 75+ years | 49.1% | 46.2% | −3.0% | −3.6–(−2.4%) | −6.0% | <0.001 |
| Costs (€) | ||||||
| 18–44 years | €4019 | €3303 | −€717 | −949 €–(−485 €) | −17.8% | <0.001 |
| 45–64 years | €4354 | €3686 | −€669 | −1102 €–(−235 €) | −15.4% | <0.001 |
| 65–74 years | €4891 | €4400 | −€491 | −768 €–(−214 €) | −10.0% | <0.001 |
| 75+ years | €5387 | €4990 | −€397 | −687 €–(−108 €) | −7.4% | <0.001 |
| Asthma severity | ||||||
| FEV1 | ||||||
| FEV1 ≥ 60% at index date | 62.1 (2.8) | 64.5 (3.1) | 2.4 | 1.2–3.6 | 3.9% | 0.022 |
| FEV1 < 60% at index date | 50.0 (5.3) | 57.2 (5.2) | 7.2 | 6.8–7.6 | 14.4% | <0.001 |
| Severe exacerbations | ||||||
| FEV1 ≥ 60% at index date | 44.0% | 40.1% | −3.9% | −4.9–(−2.9%) | −8.9% | <0.001 |
| FEV1 < 60% at index date | 48.2% | 42.1% | −6.1% | −7.5–(−4.7%) | −12.7% | <0.001 |
| Costs | ||||||
| FEV1 ≥ 60% at index date | €4585 | €4155 | −€430 | −625 €–(−234 €) | −9.4% | <0.001 |
| FEV1 < 60% at index date | €4966 | €4214 | −€751 | −1167 €–(−335 €) | −15.1% | <0.001 |
CI: confidence intervals; diff: difference; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in first second; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonists.