Table 6.

Applications of transcriptomics.

Application	Example
Gene expression profiling	Simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of several genes to create a global picture of cellular functions.
Optimization of host cells for protein expression	Optimize host cells to improve recombinant protein expression [170].
Identifying suitable expression systems	Selection of optimal expression system [171].
Understanding protein function and interactions	How proteins function and interact within cellular networks [172].
Monitoring quality control in biopharmaceutical production	Manufacturing QC [173].
Improving protein solubility and folding	Enhance the solubility and folding of recombinants [174].
Tailoring protein post-translational modifications (PTMs)	To produce proteins with the desired PTMs [175].
Enhanced yield in industrial protein production	To enhance the yield of recombinant proteins for industrial applications [176].
Studying protein stability and degradation	Design recombinant proteins with enhanced stability [177].
Personalized medicine and therapeutics	Patient-specific proteins based on individual gene expression profiles [178].