Fig. 1.

GPR65 is overexpressed in mouse and human hepatic fibrosis. a qRT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA level of Gpr65 in liver tissues of human normal controls (n = 6), mild fibrosis (n = 16) and advanced fibrosis (n = 12). The correlations of GPR65, TNF-α (b) and IL-6 (c) were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis, n = 34. d qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of Acta2 (α-SMA) and Gpr65 in livers from mice with CCl₄ treatment for different time points (n = 4). e qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of Acta2 and Gpr65 in livers from mice treated with BDL for different time points (n = 5). f qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of Gpr65 in HCs, HSCs, HMs and LSECs that were isolated from livers of mice without or with CCl₄ treatment for 8 weeks (n = 3). g Representative IHC-frozen for co-staining GPR65 with macrophage marker CD68 in the liver of human normal controls, mild fibrosis and advanced fibrosis. Scale bar = 50 μm. h Representative IHC-frozen for co-staining GPR65 with macrophage marker LY6C in the livers of mice without or with CCl₄ treatment for 8 weeks. Scale bar = 50 μm. i Representative IHC-frozen for co-staining GPR65 with macrophage marker F4/80 in the livers of mice treated without or with BDL for 21 d. Scale bar = 125 μm. ^*P < 0.05 vs. Normal or Ctrl or Sham. BDL bile duct ligation, CCl₄ carbon tetrachloride, Ctrl control, HC hepatocyte, HM hepatic macrophage, HSC hepatic stellate cell, IHC immunohistochemistry, LSEC liver sinusoidal endothelial cell, qRT-PCR quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 interleukin-6, LY6C lymphocyte antigen 6 complex