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. 2023 Nov 25;22:204. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01962-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 11 — Inhibiting AKR1C3 using AH6809 treats IVDD. A A box plot illustrates the functional similarity of the five hub genes, as revealed through Friends analysis. AKR1C3 exhibits the highest degree of correlation with other genes. B AKR1C3 expression in NPCs transfected with an NC negative control (empty plasmid) or an AKR1C3 overexpression plasmid, as detected by RT-qPCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3) (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). C Correlation between AKR1C3 and various biological processes. D, E Apoptosis in NPCs transfected with a control NC plasmid or an AKR1C3 overexpression plasmid, as detected by flow cytometry. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3) (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). F Changes in gene expression of anabolic markers (ACAN and COL2A1) and catabolic markers (MMP-3, ADAMTS5, and COX2), as determined by RT-qPCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3) (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001)