TABLE 10.

Coding Rubric for Parent–Child Interaction (PCI) Style

PCI Style	Description
Parent-directed	Parent leads interaction by  • Setting goals for the child  • Using imperative statements or giving step-by-step instructions in teacher-like tone  • Placing or connecting gears in the exhibit or directly instructing child to do so in particular way  • Solving problems or directing child on how to solve problems Child rarely makes decisions or voices goals
Child-directed	Child leads interaction by  • Setting goals  • Making decisions  • Solving problems Parent guides child by  • Asking questions or making suggestions  • Offering help when needed  • Observing child play and occasionally commenting, praising, or encouraging  • Avoiding stepping in to solve problems Parent and child may act in parallel, both playing with the exhibit, but each interacts with different pieces and establishes own goals
Jointly-directed	Parent and child both lead by  • Jointly setting goals  • Contributing together to solutions when problems arise Parent encourages collaboration by  • Making suggestions or giving hints  • Avoiding direct instruction or imperative statements  • Basing suggestions on child’s current or previous actions  • Avoiding language implying they know more than child