Table 1.
Univariate Analysis of Demographics and Clinical Data of the Influence on Acute Respiratory Dysfunction in all Patients.
| All cases | Item | Respiratory dysfunction - | Respiratory dysfunction + | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1249 | n = 104 | ||||
| Patients’ background | Age at injury | 75.7 ± 6.9 | 77.7 ± 7.1 | 0.006 | |
| Sex: Male (%) | 65.5 | 84.6 | <0.001 | ||
| Height (cm) | 159.2 ± 9.2 | 161.3 ± 9.8 | 0.033 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 56.1 ± 11.2 | 57.2 ± 11.4 | 0.363 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 3.5 | 22.1 ± 4.4 | 0.995 | ||
| Smoking history | 18.7 | 23.1 | 0.341 | ||
| Laboratory data | TP (g/dL) | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | ||
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.8 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 1.8 | 0.003 | ||
| Blood glucose level(mg/dL) | 138.4 ± 50.4 | 165.5 ± 84.5 | <0.001 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 0.353 | ||
| Radiologic data | Cervical OPLL (%) | 11.7 | 31.7 | <0.001 | |
| Intramedullary signal change (%) | 57.1 | 78.8 | <0.001 | ||
| Level of intramedullary signal change (%) | C1 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 0.345 | |
| C2 | 5.9 | 11.3 | |||
| C3 | 37.8 | 38.9 | |||
| C4 | 25.6 | 17.5 | |||
| C5 | 20.5 | 15.5 | |||
| C6 | 7.9 | 13.4 | |||
| C7 | 0.9 | 2.4 | |||
| Anterior vertebral hematoma (%) | 50.3 | 66.3 | 0.002 | ||
| Neurological impairment scale | Spinal cord injury (%) | 69.7 | 92.3 | <0.001 | |
| AIS A | 7.4 | 50.9 | <0.001 | ||
| B | 5.5 | 12.3 | |||
| C | 32.0 | 28.1 | |||
| D | 55.1 | 8.7 | |||
| Complications (%) | Complicated | 28.6 | 35.1 | 0.162 | |
| Head injury | 12.2 | 5.8 | 0.073 | ||
| Abdominal organ damage | 0.5 | 2.9 | 0.023 | ||
| Pelvic fracture | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.000 | ||
| Vertebral artery injury | 2.7 | 8.7 | 0.003 | ||
| Concomitant diseases (%) | Cerebrovascular disease | 10.4 | 5.8 | 0.180 | |
| Dementia | 6.2 | 4.8 | 0.731 | ||
| Heart disease | 14.3 | 25.0 | 0.006 | ||
| Respiratory disease | 5.0 | 11.5 | 0.011 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 22.1 | 25.8 | 0.384 | ||
| Initial response (%) | Steroid | 14.0 | 20.2 | 0.115 | |
| Early post-injury surgery | 5.1 | 13.5 | 0.001 | ||
| Halo-vest | 6.7 | 7.7 | 0.862 | ||
| Surgical treatment | Surgical treatment (%) | 60.3 | 67.3 | 0.192 | |
| Post. decomp | 30.6 | 25.9 | 0.349 | ||
| Post. fusion | 38.0 | 38.3 | |||
| Post. decomp and fusion | 21.3 | 27.1 | |||
| Ant. fusion | 5.3 | 2.5 | |||
| Ant. decomp and fusion | 2.0 | 6.2 | |||
| Ant. and Post. | 0.7 | 0.0 | |||
| Post. and Ant. | 2.1 | 0.0 | |||
| Operation time (min) | 160.4 ± 68.2 | 176.1 ± 70.8 | 0.074 | ||
| Amount of blood loss (mL) | 206.8 ± 312.7 | 271.2 ± 354.0 | 0.121 | ||
Abbreviations: TP, total protein; Alb, albumin; Hb, hemoglobin; OPLL, ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament; AIS, ASIA Impairment Scale; Post., posterior; Ant., anterior.