Table 2.
Results of Univariate Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Data of Respiratory Worsening Severity in all Patients.
| All cases | Item | Mild respiratory dysfunction | Severe respiratory dysfunction | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 78 | n = 26 | ||||
| Patients’ background | Age at injury | 77.0 ± 7.1 | 79.6 ± 7.4 | 0.108 | |
| Sex: Male (%) | 80.8 | 96.2 | 0.117 | ||
| Height (cm) | 160.6 ± 9.8 | 163.5 ± 6.8 | 0.222 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 57.9 ± 11.4 | 55.1 ± 11.9 | 0.305 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 4.4 | 20.6 ± 4.7 | 0.064 | ||
| Smoking history | 25.6 | 15.4 | 0.420 | ||
| Laboratory data | TP (g/dL) | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 0.173 | |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.062 | ||
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.3 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 1.6 | 0.337 | ||
| Blood glucose level (mg/dL) | 175.2 ± 84.5 | 137.3 ± 52.9 | 0.069 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 0.292 | ||
| Radiologic data | Cervical OPLL (%) | 34.6 | 23.1 | 0.395 | |
| Intramedullary signal change (%) | 61.5 | 84.6 | 0.027 | ||
| Level of intramedullary signal change (%) | C1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.345 | |
| C2 | 11.8 | 9.5 | |||
| C3 | 41.4 | 28.0 | |||
| C4 | 15.8 | 23.8 | |||
| C5 | 14.5 | 19.0 | |||
| C6 | 11.8 | 18.9 | |||
| C7 | 3.4 | 0.8 | |||
| Anterior vertebral hematoma | 71.8 | 50.0 | 0.072 | ||
| Neurological impairment scale | Spinal cord injury | 73.1 | 96.2 | <0.001 | |
| AIS A | 49.5 | 56.5 | 0.202 | ||
| B | 14.1 | 4.6 | |||
| C | 28.6 | 26.1 | |||
| D | 7.8 | 12.8 | |||
| Complications (%) | Complicated | 30.0 | 42.5 | 0.244 | |
| Head injury | 3.8 | 11.5 | 0.331 | ||
| Abdominal organ damage | 3.8 | 0.0 | 0.735 | ||
| Pelvic fracture | 0.0 | 3.8 | 0.562 | ||
| Vertebral artery injury | 7.7 | 11.5 | 0.840 | ||
| Concomitant diseases (%) | Cerebrovascular disease | 6.4 | 3.8 | 1.000 | |
| Dementia | 3.8 | 7.7 | 0.791 | ||
| Heart disease | 19.2 | 42.3 | 0.036 | ||
| Respiratory illness | 11.5 | 11.5 | 1.000 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 26.9 | 23.3 | 0.485 | ||
| Initial response (%) | Steroid | 21.8 | 15.4 | 0.672 | |
| Early post-injury surgery | 14.1 | 11.5 | 1.000 | ||
| Halo-vest | 7.7 | 7.7 | 1.000 | ||
| Surgical treatment | Surgical treatment (%) | 71.8 | 53.8 | 0.148 | |
| Post. decomp | 26.2 | 25.0 | 0.755 | ||
| Post. fusion | 33.8 | 56.3 | |||
| Post. decomp and fusion | 32.3 | 12.5 | |||
| Ant. fusion | 1.5 | 6.3 | |||
| Ant. decomp and fusion | 6.2 | 0.0 | |||
| Ant. and Post. | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Post. and Ant. | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Operation time (min) | 176.8 ± 70.8 | 173.0 ± 50.5 | 0.869 | ||
| Amount of blood loss | 281.5 ± 354.0 | 226.3 ± 272.1 | 0.630 | ||
Abbreviations: TP, total protein; Alb, albumin; Hb, hemoglobin; OPLL, ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament; AIS, ASIA Impairment Scale; Post., posterior; Ant., anterior.