Table 2. Commonly used Animal Models for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
| Animal Model | Species | Antigen | Adjuvant | Involvement of Immune system | Reference |
| Collagen-induced arthritis | Rat | Type II collagen | Incomplete Freund's adjuvant or complete Freund's adjuvant | T-cells, B-cells, complement, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), Monocytes | 126,127 |
| Mice | Type II collagen | Complete Freund's adjuvant | T-cells, B-cells, complement, MHC, monocytes | ||
| Adjuvant-induced arthritis | Rats | - | Components of mycobacteria, muramyl dipeptide, or incomplete Freund's adjuvant | CD4 + T cells, B-cells, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells. | 126,127,128 |
| Antigen-induced arthritis | Mice/Rat/ Rabbit |
Methylated bovine serum albumin | - | T-cells, B-cells, complement, monocytes, dendritic cells | 128,127 |
| Streptococcal cell wall induced arthritis | Rat | - | Bacterial cell wall fragments | T-cells, B-cells, MHC, monocytes. | 129,128 |
| Proteoglycan-induced arthritis | Mice | A human fetal cartilage proteoglycan | - | T-cells, B-cells, Complement, MHC | 129,126 |
| Pristane induced arthritis | Mice/Rat | - | 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl pentadecane (pristane) |
T-cells, B-cells, complement, MHC | 128,129 |
| Spontaneous models (Human TNF-alpha transgenic mice model) |
Mice | Overexpression of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha | - | Monocytes, granulocytes. | 130,126 |