Table 1.
Classification of Water Balance Disorders
| A. Polyuric Disorders | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1. Central | a. Neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus | |
| b. Primary polydipsia | ||
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| 2. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | a. X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | |
| b. Autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | ||
| c. Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | ||
| i) Drug induced (e.g., lithium) | ||
| ii) Hypercalcemic | ||
| iii) Hypokalemic | ||
| d. Osmotic diuresis (e.g., diabetes mellitus) | ||
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| 3. Gestational | ||
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| B. Dilutional Hyponatremia | ||
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| 1. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (SIAD) | a. Ectopic secretion of antidiuretic substances | |
| b. Drug induced (e.g., chlorpropamide) | ||
| c. CNS-related (e.g., brain tumor, head trauma) | ||
| d. Pulmonary (e.g., mechanical ventilation, tumors) | ||
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| 2. Nephrogenic SIAD | ||
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| 3. Edematous States | a. Congestive heart failure | |
| b. Hepatic cirrhosis | ||
| c. Nephrotic syndrome | ||
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| 4. Exercise-Associated | ||