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. 2023 Dec 1;14(6):2113–2126. doi: 10.14336/AD.2023.0306

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Copyright: © 2023 Dong et al.

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 3. — Bone-derived IL-11 acts as an osteokine. The osteokine IL-11 acts as bone-derived hormones, promotes bone formation and osteoblast differentiation, and increases bone mineral density (BMD) and bone enhancement response to mechanical stress. On other hand, IL-11 suppresses adipogenesis and decreases systemic and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). IL-11 also improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis and regulates energy expenditure. The bone-derived cytokine IL-11 acts as an osteokine, linking the crosstalk among bones and other organs.