Table 1.

Overview of studies involving MR-guided capsulotomy for OCD

Study	Lesion methods	Research designs	Number of patients	Time of FU (months)	Summary of results	Surgical adverse events (N)
Kim et al. [35]	Focused ultra sound	Single arm	11	24 months	At 12 months, 6 (54.5%) patients were responders (≥35% reduction in Y-BOCS) and 3 (27.3%) patients were partial responders (25%–35% reduction in Y-BOCS)	Insufficient heating for creating bilateral lesions (1)
		Prospective			At 24 months, 6 patients were responders, 2 (18.1%) were partial responders, and 1 had achieved full remission
Davidson et al. [36]	Focused ultrasound	Single arm	6 (total was 12 participants; 6 had MDD without OCD)	6–12 months	4/6 OCD met criteria for treatment response at last follow-up (≥35% reduction in Y-BOCS)	Insufficient heating for creating bilateral lesions (1)
		Prospective			The mean Y-BOCS among all OCD patients decreased from 33.0 (±7.6) to 22.0 (±8.9) at the last follow-up
Satzer et al. [33]	LITT	Retrospective case series	18 (1 patient received a prior DBS)	3–51 months	11 patients (61%) were responders Y-BOCS improved over time	Small hemorrhage without focal neurological deficit (1) and reoperation (1)
McLaughlin et al. [34]	LITT	Retrospective case series	9 (3 had received prior gamma knife ventral capsulotomy, which was proven to be ineffective)	6–24 months	A total of 7 of the 9 patients were considered full responders (77.8%; Y-BOCS ≥35%)	Small hemorrhage without focal neurological deficit (1) and death after a drug overdose 7 months post-surgery (1)

MR, magnetic resonance; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; FU, follow up; N, number; LITT, laser interstitial thermal therapy; MDD, major depressive disorder; DBS, deep brain stimulation; Y-BOCS, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale