Table 2.

Generalized estimating equations in explaining quality of life (QoL), sleep quality, and self-stigma among people with schizophrenia

Variable	Coeff. (SE)/p
	Outcome: QoL				Mediator
	Physical QoL	Psychological QoL	Social QoL	Environment QoL	Sleep quality	Self-stigma
Sex (ref: male)	-0.19 (0.27)/0.48	-0.28 (0.31)/0.37	0.36 (0.31)/0.24	-0.03 (0.30)/0.93	0.82 (0.57)/0.15	0.05 (0.11)/0.63
Age	-0.02 (0.02)/0.38	-0.01 (0.02)/0.56	-0.01 (0.02)/0.59	-0.01 (0.02)/0.59	0.02 (0.03)/0.50	0.01 (0.01)/0.42
Marital status (ref: single)
Married	-0.01 (0.38)/0.97	-0.11 (0.46)/0.81	-0.09 (0.35)/0.80	0.20 (0.39)/0.62	0.35 (0.87)/0.69	0.15 (0.13)/0.25
Other	-0.53 (0.36)/0.15	-0.69 (0.40)/0.09	-0.36 (0.34)/0.30	0.12 (0.33)/0.72	1.24 (0.72)/0.09	-0.04 (0.14)/0.77
Years of education	0.05 (0.06)/0.40	0.03 (0.07)/0.65	0.02 (0.05)/0.65	0.12 (0.06)/0.04	-0.01 (0.11)/0.91	-0.04 (0.02)/0.02
Physical disease (ref: yes)	0.21 (0.31)/0.50	-0.05 (0.33)/0.87	0.01 (0.29)/0.98	0.30 (0.29)/0.31	-0.87 (0.56)/0.12	0.12 (0.10)/0.24
Problematic use of social media	0.02 (0.03)/0.61	-0.01 (0.03)/0.72	-0.001 (0.03)/0.98	0.01 (0.03)/0.81	0.12 (0.04)/0.003	0.03 (0.008)/<0.001
Sleep quality	-0.27 (0.04)/<0.001	-0.25 (0.04)/<0.001	-0.12 (0.03)/<0.001	-0.15 (0.04)/<0.001	-	-
Self-stigma	-0.92 (0.17)/<0.001	-1.32 (0.21)/<0.001	-1.42 (0.19)/<0.001	-1.11 (0.19)/<0.001	-	-
Time	0.03 (0.06)/0.64	0.04 (0.06)/0.48	-0.04 (0.06)/0.57	0.04 (0.06)/0.48	-0.25 (0.10)/0.01	-0.01 (0.02)/0.77

Mediation was examined using a Monte Carlo method (http://quantpsy.org/medmc/medmc.htm); 95% confidence interval of 20,000 repetitions. Coeff., coefficient; SE, standard error