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. 2023 Nov 26;13:20770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48073-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PBMCs gene expression analysis. The expression of transcription factors associated with Th differentiation, including FOXP3, T-BET, and GATA-3, was analyzed using Real-Time PCR. (a) Results indicated that treatment with Curcumin increased the expression of markers associated with Th1, including T-BET, and decreased the expression of markers associated with Tregs (FoxP3). (b) Individual changes in gene expression were analyzed with the paired-T test of 3 replicates. Results showed that treatment with Curcumin increased the expression of Tbet in all treated co-cultures efficiently. Data represents mean ± SD. Significant changes are indicated with asterisk *P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.001.