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. 2023 Nov 13;4:1288786. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1288786

Table 3.

Comparison of blood pressure between the two groups, before and after the intervention period.

Variables ACV α
n = 37
Control β
n = 36
p-value £
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Before 137.02 ± 12.49 132.33 ± 16 0.18
After 131.35 ± 12.45 130.41 ± 15.30 0.52
Change — 5.67 ± 8.59 — 1.91 ± 7.74 0.06
p-value <0.001 0.14
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Before 80.94 ± 10.66 80.61 ± 10.64 0.15
After 80.67 ± 9.58 80.13 ± 9.98 0.78
Change — 0.27 ± 2.87 — 0.47 ± 2.84 0.83
p-value 0.57 0.32

αReceived 30 ml of apple cider vinegar and a recommendation for a healthy diet; βReceived only a recommendation for a healthy diet; £Analysis of covariance after eliminating body mass index measures before the intervention period; Paired t-test.

ACV, apple cider vinegar; SD, standard deviation.