Table 5.

Comparison of blood lipid levels between the two groups, before and after the intervention period.

Variables		ACV α n = 37	Control β n = 36	p-value £
		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Triglyceride (mg/dl)
	Before	148.35 ± 64.49	128.55 ± 68.97	0.30
	After	148.10 ± 56.51	128 ± 64.82	0.28
	Change	— 0.24 ± 40.11	— 0.55 ± 45.44	0.77
	p-value €	0.97	0.94
LDL (mg/dl)
	Before	110.62 ± 40	104.5 ± 29.74	0.40
	After	85.59 ± 30.20	106.77 ± 38.51	0.03
	Change	— 25.02 ± 26.25	2.27 ± 37.62	<0.001
	p-value €	<0.001	0.71
HDL (mg/dl)
	Before	41.10 ± 9.09	45.66 ± 13.86	0.01
	After	42.78 ± 9.27	44.30 ± 10.94	0.07
	Change	1.68 ± 4.35	— 1.36 ± 6.85	0.06
	p-value €	0.01	0.24
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
	Before	180.78 ± 46.66	176.02 ± 37.53	0.77
	After	156.78 ± 37	175.25 ± 39.39	0.11
	Change	— 24 ± 30.03	-0.77 ± 39.23	0.003
	p-value €	<0.001	0.89
LDL/HDL (ratio)
	Before	2.85 ± 1.30	2.54 ± 1.33	0.21
	After	2.10 ± 0.85	2.52 ± 1.05	0.15
	Change	— 0.75 ± 0.81	— 0.02 ± 0.96	0.001
	p-value €	<0.001	0.90
Cholesterol/HDL (ratio)
	Before	4.65 ± 1.72	4.25 ± 1.91	0.27
	After	3.86 ± 1.17	4.22 ± 1.49	0.15
	Change	— 0.78 ± 0.99	— 0.03 ± 1.08	0.001
	p-value €	<0.001	0.84

^αreceived 30 ml apple cider vinegar and recommendation for a healthy diet; ^βreceived only recommendation for a healthy diet; ^£Analysis of covariance after eliminating body mass index measures before the intervention period; ^€Paired t-test.

ACV, apple cider vinegar; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.