Table 2.

LncRNAs that promote AMD.

LncRNA	Samples	Mechanism	Effect	Reference
CYLD-AS1	ARPE-19;human primary RPE cell; human eyeball frozen section	Promotes RPE inflammation and oxidative stress	Inhibits cell proliferation and mitochondrial function	Du et al. [83]
MEG3	C57BL/6 mice; murine photoreceptor cells (661W)	Regulates the activity of caspase 3/7 and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax	Promotes retinal injury and photoreceptor cell apoptosis	Zhu et al. [36]
H19	Laser-induced CNV mouse model; aqueous humor of wet AMD patients	Promotes the expression of M2 macrophages	Promotes immune cell activation	Zhang et al. [47]
MALAT1	ARPE-19 cells;primary human RPE; hRMECs	Partially through activating Smad2/3 signaling; activates the VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex by reducing miR-125b	Promotes EMT, migration and proliferation of RPE cells; promotes proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in hRMECs	Yang et al. [55] Liu et al.[80]
ERLR	ARPE-19 cells; primary human RPE; pigmented rabbits	Regulate the stability of MYH9 protein	Promotes EMT, RPE cells migration and proliferation	Yang et al. [24]
NEAT1	C57BL/6 mice; ARPE-19 cells	Sponges miR-204 to increase the level of SOX4	Promotes EMT of RPE cells	Yang et al. [56]
BANCR	ARPE-19 cells	Activates the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway	Promotes EMT of RPE cells	Kutty et al. [60]
Mbd2-AL1	Mice primary culture RGCs; C57BL/6J mice; Mbd2 knockout mice	Sponges miR-188-3p to increase the level of Traf3	Induces of RGC apoptosis	Ge et al. [71]
HDAC4- AS1	ARPE-19 cells	Binds to HDAC4 promoter, facilitates HIF-1α recruitment	Induces CNV	Pan et al. [26]
MIAT	Diabetic rats' retina; db/db mice's retina;HUVECs; HMVECs;RF/6A cells; RPE; rat Müller cells;EA.hy 926; RGC-5; fibrovascular membranes in patients	Sponges miR-150-5p to increase the level of VEGF	Regulates retinal angiogenesis, corneal angiogenesis and vascular permeability	Yan et al. [82]