Table 2.
Prevalence of childhood exposure to adversity experiences
| Category of exposure | N (%) | Male n (%) | Female n (%) | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any category reporteda | 176 (44.20) | 63 (15.80) | 113 (28.40) | 1 : 1.79 |
| Childhood abuse | 69 (39.20) | 20 (11.40) | 49 (27.80) | 1 : 2.45 |
| Emotional | 35 (19.90) | 11 (6.30) | 24 (13.60) | 1 : 2.18 |
| Physical | 27 (15.30) | 8 (4.50) | 19 (10.80) | 1 : 2.38 |
| Sexual | 7 (4.00) | 1 (0.60) | 6 (3.40) | 1 : 6 |
| Childhood neglect | 26 (14.80) | 8 (4.60) | 18 (10.20) | 1 : 2.25 |
| Emotional | 21 (11.90) | 6 (3.40) | 15 (8.50) | 1 : 2.5 |
| Physical | 5 (2.80) | 2 (1.10) | 3 (1.70) | 1 : 1.5 |
| Household dysfunction | 37 (21.00) | 10 (5.70) | 27 (15.30) | 1 : 2.7 |
| Parental separation | 10 (5.70) | 3 (1.70) | 7 (4.00) | 1 : 2.33 |
| Domestic violence | 7 (4.00) | 1 (0.60) | 6 (3.40) | 1 : 6 |
| Substance abuse | 4 (2.30) | 2 (1.10) | 2 (1.10) | 1 : 1 |
| Mental illness | 11 (6.30) | 3 (1.70) | 8 (4.60) | 1 : 2.67 |
| Incarceration | 5 (2.80) | 1 (0.60) | 4 (2.30) | 1 : 4 |
| Bullying | 126 (71.60) | 53 (30.10) | 73 (41.50) | 1 : 1.38 |
| Parental death | 26 (14.80) | 7 (4.00) | 19 (10.80) | 1 : 2.71 |
| Mean ACEsb | 0.71 | 0.94 | 0.63 | 1.49 : 1 |
| SD ACEsb | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1 : 1 |
Note. a ‘Any category reported’ means the sum of participants who reported exposure to at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE). The percentage in ‘any category reported’ was from the entire study sample (N = 398), while the percentage divisor for each type of ACE was ‘any category reported’ (n = 176).b Mean and SD ACEs were the calculation of the entire study sample.