Table 2.
Percentage of women who had ever used ECP and those who used ECP twice or more in the past 12 months (frequent user), across background characteristics, NFHS 2019–21, India
| Characteristics | Ever user | Frequent user |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 0.49% (550 273) | 0.14% (550 273) |
| Age group | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| 15–19 | 0.77% (16 162) | 0.10% (16 162) |
| 20–24 | 0.57% (71 912) | 0.14% (71 912) |
| 25–29 | 0.58% (104 403) | 0.16% (104 403) |
| 30–34 | 0.63% (97 673) | 0.17% (97 673) |
| 35–39 | 0.48% (96 504) | 0.09% (96 504) |
| 40–44 | 0.33% (80 347) | 0.08% (80 347) |
| 45–49 | 0.22% (83 272) | 0.05% (83 272) |
| Place of residence | P = <0.000 | P= 0.035 |
| Urban | 0.67% (132 423) | 0.13% (132 423) |
| Rural | 0.40% (417 850) | 0.11% (417 850) |
| Education level | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| No education | 0.25% (160 429) | 0.07% (160 429) |
| Primary | 0.35% (77 529) | 0.09% (77 529) |
| Secondary | 0.31% (251 212) | 0.13% (251 212) |
| Higher | 1.07% (61 103) | 0.22% (61 103) |
| Wealth index | P = <0.000 | P = 0.010 |
| Poorest | 0.37% (116 844) | 0.11% (116 844) |
| Poorer | 0.40% (121 915) | 0.10% (121 915) |
| Middle | 0.40% (114 670) | 0.11% (114 670) |
| Richer | 0.46% (104 975) | 0.10% (104 975) |
| Richest | 0.83% (91 869) | 0.16% (91 869) |
| Religion | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| Hindu | 0.47% (420 413) | 0.10% (420 413) |
| Muslim | 0.57% (65 355) | 0.18% (65 355) |
| Christian | 0.34% (38 019) | 0.10% (38 019) |
| Sikh | 0.67% (12 152) | 0.10% (12 152) |
| Buddhist | 0.36% (6724) | 0.06% (6724) |
| Other | 0.84% (7610) | 0.39% (7610) |
| Marital status | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| Never married | 5.14% (7443) | 0.95% (7443) |
| Ever married | 0.44% (542 830) | 0.11% (542 830) |
| Parity | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| 0 | 0.84% (56 475) | 0.18% (56 475) |
| 1 | 0.63% (99 366) | 0.16% (99 366) |
| 2 | 0.43% (184 619) | 0.10% (184 619) |
| 3+ | 0.37% (209 813) | 0.09% (209 813) |
| Desire for children | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| Spacing | 0.51% (120 293) | 0.14% (120 293) |
| Undecided | 0.67% (22 783) | 0.12% (22 783) |
| Limiting | 0.75% (183 471) | 0.21% (183 471) |
| Sterilized/infecund/never had sex | 0.14% (206 607) | 0.01% (206 607) |
| Current pregnancy wanted | P = 0.114 | P = 0.007 |
| Yes | 0.41% (25 586) | 0.06% (25 586) |
| No | 0.33% (2810) | 0.17% (2810) |
| Pregnancy ended in abortion in past 5 years | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| No | 0.49% (181 134) | 0.14% (181 134) |
| Yes | 2.50% (7693) | 0.64% (7693) |
| Region | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| North | 0.82% (107 617) | 0.15% (107 617) |
| Central | 0.56% (124 646) | 0.17% (124 646) |
| East | 0.60% (92 830) | 0.13% (92 830) |
| Northeast | 0.89% (78 330) | 0.20% (78 330) |
| West | 0.24% (56 621) | 0.05% (56 621) |
| South | 0.17% (90 229) | 0.05% (90 229) |
| Current contraceptive method | P = <0.000 | P = <0.000 |
| Not using | 0.36% (199 879) | 0.07% (199 879) |
| Pill | 1.13% (29 944) | 0.46% (29 944) |
| IUD | 0.43% (13 900) | 0.06% (13 900) |
| Male condom | 1.30% (48 379) | 0.25% (48 379) |
| Female sterilization | 0.14% (189 021) | 0.01% (189 021) |
| Traditional method | 0.62% (57 293) | 0.08% (57 293) |
| Other | 0.69% (11 497) | 0.24% (11 497) |
Note: Percentages are weighted, and numbers are unweighted; chi-square test of association is used to see association between ever user or frequent user and several characteristics, P < 0.01 represents statistical significance at 1% level.