Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratio of knowledge and ever use of ECP by different background characteristics, estimates from binary logistic regression (multivariate analysis), NFHS 2019–21, India
| Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Knowledge of ECP | Ever use of ECP |
| Age group | ||
| 15–19 | Ref. | Ref. |
| 20–24 | 1.35 (1.33, 1.38)*** | 1.24 (0.89, 1.73) |
| 25–29 | 1.60 (1.56, 1.63)*** | 1.58 (1.13, 2.20)*** |
| 30–34 | 1.70 (1.66, 1.75)*** | 1.73 (1.23, 2.43)*** |
| 35–39 | 1.65 (1.61, 1.70)*** | 1.58 (1.12, 2.24)** |
| 40–44 | 1.54 (1.50, 1.58)*** | 1.22 (0.85, 1.75) |
| 45–49 | 1.39 (1.35, 1.43)*** | 1.01 (0.70, 1.47) |
| Type of place of residence | ||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | 0.85 (0.84, 0.86)*** | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91)*** |
| Education level | ||
| No education | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary | 1.26 (1.23, 1.28)*** | 1.17 (0.99, 1.39)* |
| Secondary | 1.72 (1.70, 1.75)*** | 1.44 (1.25, 1.65)*** |
| Higher | 2.80 (2.74, 2.86)*** | 2.01 (1.70, 2.39)*** |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest | Ref. | Ref. |
| Poorer | 1.20 (1.18, 1.22)*** | 1.10 (0.94, 1.29) |
| Middle | 1.38 (1.36, 1.41)*** | 1.29 (1.10, 1.52)*** |
| Richer | 1.50 (1.47, 1.53)*** | 1.35 (1.14, 1.61)*** |
| Richest | 1.85 (1.81, 1.89)*** | 1.84 (1.53, 2.23)*** |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | Ref. | Ref. |
| Muslim | 0.92 (0.91, 0.94)*** | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) |
| Christian | 0.87 (0.84, 0.90)*** | 0.75 (0.51, 1.09) |
| Sikh | 0.70 (0.67, 0.72)*** | 0.76 (0.56, 1.04)* |
| Buddhist | 1.43 (1.34, 1.52)*** | 1.06 (0.53, 2.14) |
| Other | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95)*** | 0.99 (0.58, 1.69) |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | Ref. | Ref. |
| Ever married | 1.84 (1.77, 1.91)*** | 0.35 (0.09, 1.35) |
| Children ever born | ||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1 | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09)*** | 1.05 (0.87, 1.25) |
| 2 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.14) |
| 3+ | 0.94 (0.92, 0.97)*** | 1.10 (0.89, 1.37) |
| Desire for children | ||
| Spacing | Ref. | Ref. |
| Undecided | 1.11 (1.07, 1.15)*** | 1.18 (0.95, 1.46) |
| Limiting | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00)* | 1.23 (1.07, 1.40)*** |
| Sterilized/infecund/never had sex | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.58 (0.39, 0.86)*** |
| Region | ||
| North | Ref. | Ref. |
| Central | 0.70 (0.69, 0.71)*** | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99)** |
| Eest | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96)*** | 1.14 (0.99, 1.30)* |
| Northeast | 0.87 (0.84, 0.89)*** | 1.37 (1.11, 1.69)*** |
| West | 0.74 (0.72, 0.75)*** | 0.36 (0.30, 0.44)*** |
| South | 0.44 (0.43, 0.45)*** | 0.37 (0.30, 0.45)*** |
| Current contraceptive method | ||
| Not using | Ref. | Ref. |
| Pill | 1.60 (1.55, 1.64)*** | 2.56 (2.20, 2.98)*** |
| IUD | 1.39 (1.34, 1.45)*** | 1.08 (0.80, 1.46) |
| Male condom | 1.62 (1.59, 1.66)*** | 2.35 (2.07, 2.67)*** |
| Female sterilization | 1.13 (1.10, 1.18)*** | 1.05 (0.70, 1.57) |
| Traditional method | 1.24 (1.21, 1.26)*** | 1.45 (1.26, 1.67)*** |
| Other | 1.50 (1.43, 1.56)*** | 2.04 (1.57, 2.64)*** |
| Constant | 0.26 (0.25, 0.27)*** | 0.00 (0.00, 0.02)*** |
Note: *P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, ***P < 0.01; Ref. reference category.