1. Overview of study populations.

Characteristic	Intervention(s) and comparator(s)	Sample sizea	Screened/eligible [N]	Randomised [N]	Safety [N]	Finishing study [N]	Randomised finishing study [%]	Follow‐upb
(1) Agurs Collins 1997	I: individual and group sessions	40	87	32		30	93.8	6 mo
	C: 1 class and info leaflet	40		32		25	78.1
	total:			64		55	90.6 85.9
(2) Anderson 2005	I: group sessions	‐	‐	125		‐	‐	3 mo
	C: usual care plus feedback on baseline bloods			114		‐	‐
	total:			239		194	81.2
(3) Babamoto 2009	I1: individual sessions plus telephone calls	‐	1352/354	106		60	56.6	6 mo
	I2: case management			106
	C: usual care			106		54	50.9
	total:			318		189	59.4
(4) Baradaran 2006	I1: group sessions	‐	299	59		44	74.6	6 mo
	C1: usual care—South Asian			59		36	61.0
	C2: usual care—White Caucasian			27c		21	77.8
	total:			118		101	85.6
(5) Bellary 2008	I: treatment protocols and extra clinics plus link workers	16‐18 clusters of 80‐100 participants	3571/2426	868		747	86.1	24 mo
	C: treatment protocols only			618		531	85.9
	total:			1486		1278	86.0
(6) Brown 2002	I: group sessions	‐	‐	126		89	70.6	12 mo
	C: usual care—wait‐listed control group			126		89	70.6
	total:			252		178	70.6
(7) Carter 2011	I: Internet and videoconferencing with nurse	‐	‐	‐		26	‐	9 mo
	C: usual care			‐		21	‐
	total:			74		47	63.5
(8) Crowley 2013	I: individual sessions via telephone	200	2153/1508	182		166	91.2	12 mo
	C: usual care + leaflet			177		164	92.7
	total:			359		329	91.6
(9) D'Eramo Melkus 2010	I: group sessions	129	236/119	57		40	70.2	24 mo
	C: conventional (not culturally appropriate) group sessions			52		37	71.2
	total:			109		77	70.6
(10) DePue 2013	I: Nurse‐led self‐management education and medication management facilitation components	362	406/312	104		95	91.3	12 mo
	C: usual care			164		148	90.2
	total:			268		243	90.7
(11) Gary 2009	I: individual visits to CHW and nurse following culturally appropriate clinical algorithms	‐	2450/955	269		235	87.4	24 mo
	C: telephone calls and information leaflets	‐		273		253	92.7
	total:			542		488	90.0
(12) Gucciardi 2007	I1: group sessions	‐	233	41		25	61.0	3 mo
	I2: individual sessions			46		36	78.3
	total:			87		61	70.1
(13) Hawthorne 1998	I: individual session with CHW—flashcards	100	‐/201	112		106	94.6	6 mo
	C: usual care in clinics	100		89		86	96.6
	total:			201		192	95.5
(14) Kattelmann 2009	I: group sessions	57	‐	57		51	89.5	6 mo
	C: standard dietary education and health care	57		57		53	92.9
	total:			114		104	91.2
(15) Keyserling 2002	I1: individual and group sessions	210	219	66		54	81.8	12 mo
	I2: individual—not included in meta‐analysis			67		59	88.1
	C: usual care			67		58	86.6
	total:			200		171	85.5
(16) Khan 2011	I: individual computer‐based	‐	146/129	67		53	79.1	3 mo
	C: brochure with crossword puzzle			62		47	75.8
	total:			129		100	77.5
(17) Kim 2009	I: group sessions and telephone calls	40	224/83	41		40	97.6	30 wk
	C: usual care (wait‐listed)	40		42		39	95.1
	total:			83		79	95.2
(18) Lorig 2008	I: group sessions	‐	‐	219		179	81.7	6 mo
	C: usual care (wait‐listed)			198		173	87.4
	total:			417		352	84.4
(19) Lujan 2007	I1: group sessions, telephone calls and inspirational postcards	75	‐/160	75		70	93.3	6 mo
	C1: usual care—individual sessions and info leaflets	75		75		71	94.7
	total:			150		143	95.3
(20) Middelkoop 2001	I: group sessions	‐	‐	53		53	100	6 mo
	C: usual care (wait‐listed)			60		60	100
	total:			113		113	100
(21) O'Hare 2004	I: treatment protocols plus extra diabetes clinics and link workers	64	401	180		165	91.7	12 mo
	C: treatment protocols only	64		181		160	88.4
	total:			361		325	90.0
(22) Osborn 2010	I: individual education session	‐	‐/129	59		48	81.4	3 mo
	C: usual care—access to monthly support group facilitated by Puerto‐Rican worker			59		43	72.9
	total:			118		91	77.1
(23) Philis‐Tsimikas 2011	I: group education sessions and support group	210	‐/961	104		56	53.8	10 mo
	C: usual care			103		72	69.9
	total:			207		156	75.4
(24) Rosal 2005	I: individual and group sessions	‐	54	15		‐	‐	6 mo
	C: usual care plus feedback of test results			10		‐	‐
	total:			25		‐	92
(25) Rosal 2011	I: individual and group sessions	250	592/276	124		106	85.5	12 mo
	C: usual care			128		105	82.0
	total:			252		211	83.7
(26) Rothschild 2012	I: home visits	‐	343/‐	73		58	79.5	???
	C: mailed information leaflets			71		61	85.9
	total:			144		119	82.6
(27) Samuel‐Hodge 2009	I: individual, group and telephone calls	280	284/260	117		101	86.3	12 mo
	C: minimal intervention: leaflets and newsletters			84		69	82.1
	total:			201		170	84.6
(28) Sixta 2008	I: group sessions	‐	734/135	63				6 mo
	C: usual care (wait‐listed)			68
	total:			131		60	45.8
(29) Skelly 2005	I: home visits	20	52	‐		23	‐	12 wk 12 wk
	C: usual care plus telephone call (wait‐listed)	20		‐		18	‐
	total:			47		41	87.2
(30) Skelly 2009	I1: home visits—symptom focused	‐	308/180	60		60	100	9 mo
	I2: home visits with booster (not used in the meta‐analysis)			60		55	91.7
	C1: nurse home visits—non‐symptom focused			60		59	98.3
	total:			180		174	96.7
(31) Spencer 2011	I: group meetings, home visit and accompanied clinic visit	‐	1719/183	84		59	70.2	6 mo
	C: usual care (wait listed)			99		77	77.8
	total:			164		136	82.9
(32) Toobert 2011	I: group meetings	‐	4045/680	142		‐		24 mo
	C: usual care			138		‐
	total:			280		‐	61.4
(33) Vincent 2007	I: group sessions	‐	60/30	10		9	90	3 mo
	C: usual care			10		8	80
	total:			20		17	85
Grand total	All interventions			N/A
	All comparators
	All interventions and comparators			7453

^aAccording to power calculation in study publication or report.
 ^bDuration of intervention and/or follow‐up under randomised conditions until end of study.
 ^cNot used in the meta‐analysis.

"‐" denotes not reported.

C: comparator; CHW: community health worker; I: intervention; ITT: intention‐to‐treat; mo: month; N/A: not applicable; wk: weeks