Comparison 4. Subgroup analysis for studies involving South Asian individuals in culturally sensitive HE vs usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Mean HbA1c at up to 6 months	2	305	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.41 [‐0.71, ‐0.10]
1.1 Final values	1	192	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.34 [‐0.95, 0.27]
1.2 Change scores	1	113	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.78, ‐0.08]
2 Mean HbA1c at 24 months	1	1473	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.18 [‐0.34, ‐0.01]
2.1 Change scores	1	1473	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.18 [‐0.34, ‐0.01]
3 Final mean knowledge (diabetes and nutrition knowledge) at up to 6 months	2	272	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [‐0.19, 1.21]
3.1 Final values	2	272	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [‐0.19, 1.21]
4 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment on diet (can choose correct food) at 6 months	1	192	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.65, 1.25]
4.1 Final values	1	192	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.65, 1.25]