Comparison 6. Subgroup analysis of group HE in culturally sensitive intervention vs usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Mean HbA1c at 3 to 4 months	5	703	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.14 [‐0.46, 0.18]
1.1 Final values	5	703	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.14 [‐0.46, 0.18]
1.2 Change scores	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Mean HbA1c at 6 months	5	1075	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.46 [‐0.74, ‐0.19]
2.1 Mean HbA1c at 6 months	2	506	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.85 [‐1.82, 0.13]
2.2 Change HbA1c at 6 months	3	569	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐0.58, ‐0.14]
3 Mean HbA1c at 12 months	2	354	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.68 [‐1.19, ‐0.17]
4 Mean HbA1c at 24 months	1	109	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.80 [‐1.66, 0.06]
5 Mean BMI at up to 3 months (kg/m2)	2	236	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐2.22, 0.83]
5.1 Final values	2	236	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐2.22, 0.83]
6 Mean BMI at up to 6 months (kg/m2)	3	478	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.57 [‐0.98, ‐0.15]
6.1 Mean value	2	374	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.15 [‐2.43, 0.13]
6.2 Change value	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.5 [‐0.94, ‐0.06]
7 Mean BMI at up to 12 months (kg/m2)	2	358	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.38 [‐1.70, 0.95]
8 Mean total cholesterol at 3 to 4 months (mg/dL)	3	577	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.18 [‐9.31, 4.94]
8.1 Final values	3	577	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.18 [‐9.31, 4.94]
9 Mean total cholesterol at 6 months	2	334	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	8.92 [7.03, 10.81]
9.1 Mean values	1	230	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	6.58 [‐3.88, 17.04]
9.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.0 [7.08, 10.92]
10 Mean total cholesterol at up to 12 months (mg/dL)	2	356	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.11 [‐8.66, 8.88]
11 Mean LDL at 3 to 4 months (mg/dL)	1	140	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.20 [‐17.83, 7.43]
11.1 Final values	1	140	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.20 [‐17.83, 7.43]
12 LDL cholesterol at 6 months	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.0 [‐14.55, 10.55]
12.1 Mean value	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.0 [‐14.55, 10.55]
13 Mean LDL at up to 12 months (mg/dL)	1	128	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.20 [‐17.09, 8.69]
14 Mean HDL at 3 to 4 months (mg/dL)	1	146	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐3.68, 4.68]
14.1 Final values	1	146	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐3.68, 4.68]
15 Mean HDL cholesterol at 6 months	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.0 [‐1.38, 7.38]
15.1 Mean values	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.0 [‐1.38, 7.38]
16 Mean HDL at up to 1 year (mg/dL)	1	131	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐4.30, 4.70]
17 Mean systolic blood pressure at 3 to 4 months (mm Hg)	1	147	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.10 [‐7.19, 2.99]
18 Systolic blood pressure at 6 months	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.0 [‐4.54, 6.54]
18.1 Mean value	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.0 [‐4.54, 6.54]
19 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg)	1	131	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.40 [‐5.79, 4.99]
20 Mean diastolic blood pressure at 3 to 4 months	1	147	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.60 [‐4.48, 1.28]
21 Diastolic blood pressure at 6 months	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.0 [‐0.77, 4.77]
21.1 Mean values	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.0 [‐0.77, 4.77]
22 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg)	1	131	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐3.0 [‐5.78, ‐0.22]
23 Mean triglycerides at 3 to 4 months (mg/dL)	2	351	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐8.73 [‐31.06, 13.59]
23.1 Final values	2	351	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐8.73 [‐31.06, 13.59]
23.2 Change scores	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24 Mean triglycerides at up to 6 months (mg/dL)	2	333	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.04 [‐93.57, 93.66]
24.1 Final values	1	229	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐48.54 [‐96.10, ‐0.98]
24.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	47.0 [6.22, 87.78]
25 Mean triglycerides at up to 1 year (mg/dL)	2	355	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.40 [‐32.76, 29.95]
26 Final mean knowledge at up to 3 months	4	557	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.56 [0.34, 0.77]
27 Diabetes knowledge at 6 months	2	211	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.38 [‐0.06, 0.82]
28 Final mean knowledge at 1 year	1	217	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.41 [0.14, 0.68]
29 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment [on diet and health beliefs on barriers] at up to 3 months	3	424	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.13 [‐0.07, 0.34]
29.1 Final values	3	424	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.13 [‐0.07, 0.34]
29.2 Change scores	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
30 Emergency visits at 6 months	1	352	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.21, 0.16]
30.1 Change values	1	352	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.21, 0.16]
31 Mean HbA1c at all endpoints	9	2241	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.40 [‐0.59, ‐0.21]
31.1 Final values	6	1672	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.45 [‐0.74, ‐0.17]
31.2 Change scores	3	569	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐0.58, ‐0.14]
32 Final mean knowledge at all endpoints	5	985	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.49 [0.34, 0.64]
33 Mean total cholesterol at all endpoints	4	1267	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.45 [‐3.15, 8.05]
33.1 Mean values	3	1163	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.45 [‐4.44, 5.33]
33.2 Change scores	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.0 [7.08, 10.92]