Comparison 7. Subgroup analysis of individual HE in culturally sensitive intervention vs usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Mean HbA1c at up to 3 months	4	204	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐1.12, 0.41]
1.1 Final values	4	204	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐1.12, 0.41]
2 Mean HbA1c at up to 6 months	2	305	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.41 [‐0.71, ‐0.10]
2.1 Final values	1	192	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.34 [‐0.95, 0.27]
2.2 Change scores	1	113	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.78, ‐0.08]
3 Mean HbA1c at up to 1 year	2	496	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐0.74, 0.14]
3.1 Final values	2	496	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐0.74, 0.14]
4 HbA1c at 24 months	3	2159	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.29 [‐0.57, ‐0.01]
4.1 Final values	1	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.69 [‐1.09, ‐0.29]
4.2 Change scores	2	2015	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.16 [‐0.31, ‐0.02]
5 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 3 months (mm Hg)	2	74	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.80 [‐6.58, 12.18]
5.1 Final values	2	74	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.80 [‐6.58, 12.18]
6 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 3 months (mm Hg)	2	74	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.76 [‐11.73, 6.21]
6.1 Final values	2	74	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.76 [‐11.73, 6.21]
7 Diabetes knowledge at 3 months	2	74	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.28 [‐0.74, 0.19]
8 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg)	1	359	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.90 [‐0.84, 6.64]
8.1 Final values	1	359	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.90 [‐0.84, 6.64]
9 Diabetes knowledge at 6 months	1	192	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.55, 1.14]
10 Mean LDL at up to 12 months (mg/dL)	1	341	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.0 [‐6.76, 8.76]
11 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment [on diet and health beliefs on barriers] at 3 to 4 months	2	74	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.25 [‐0.71, 0.21]
11.1 Mean values	2	74	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.25 [‐0.71, 0.21]
12 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment on diet (can choose correct food) at 6 months	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
12.1 Final values	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Acute hospital admissions at 24 months	1	542	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.09, 0.19]
14 Mean HbA1c at all endpoints	8	1005	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.32 [‐0.54, ‐0.09]
14.1 Final values	7	892	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.29 [‐0.57, ‐0.01]
14.2 Change scores	1	113	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.78, ‐0.08]
15 Diabetes knowledge at all endpoints	3	266	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [‐0.71, 1.05]
16 Mean total cholesterol at all endpoints	2	517	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐8.99 [‐22.52, 4.54]
16.1 Final values	1	192	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.16 [‐14.87, 12.55]
16.2 Change value	1	325	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐15.08 [‐24.82, ‐5.34]