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. 2014 Sep 4;2014(9):CD006424. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006424.pub3

Comparison 8. Subgroup analysis for combined group and individual HE for culturally sensitive HE vs usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Mean HbA1c at up to 3 months 5 535 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.62 [‐0.99, ‐0.25]
1.1 Final values 2 201 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.34 [‐1.01, 0.32]
1.2 Change scores 3 334 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.74 [‐1.19, ‐0.30]
2 Mean HbA1c at up to 6 months 8 705 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.56 [‐0.76, ‐0.36]
2.1 Final values 4 488 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.41 [‐0.66, ‐0.17]
2.2 Change scores 4 217 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.83 [‐1.17, ‐0.50]
3 Mean HbA1c at up to 1 year 3 511 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.36, 0.11]
3.1 Final values 2 281 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.09 [‐0.36, 0.18]
3.2 Change score 1 230 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.26 [‐0.77, 0.25]
4 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 3 months (mm Hg) 4 389 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.54 [‐5.03, 1.94]
4.1 Final values 2 285 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.39 [‐7.77, 0.99]
4.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.64 [‐4.12, 7.41]
5 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 6 months (mm Hg) 6 451 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.83 [‐0.08, 3.73]
5.1 Final values 2 228 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.88 [‐0.46, 4.21]
5.2 Change scores 4 223 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.73 [‐1.57, 5.03]
6 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg) 2 394 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.64 [‐3.99, 2.72]
6.1 Final values 2 394 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.64 [‐3.99, 2.72]
7 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 3 months (mm Hg) 4 389 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.66 [‐3.53, 0.22]
7.1 Final values 2 285 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.70 [‐3.91, 0.51]
7.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.54 [‐5.10, 2.01]
8 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 6 months (mm Hg) 6 451 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.06 [0.57, 3.56]
8.1 Final values 2 228 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.73 [‐1.93, 5.38]
8.2 Change scores 4 223 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [‐2.20, 3.67]
9 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg) 2 394 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐3.78, 3.84]
9.1 Final values 2 394 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐3.78, 3.84]
10 Mean BMI at up to 3 months (kg/m2) 3 161 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.05 [‐0.42, 0.53]
10.1 Final values 1 57 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.80 [‐5.22, 1.62]
10.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.09 [‐0.39, 0.57]
11 Mean BMI at up to 6 months (kg/m2) 5 276 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.45, 0.47]
11.1 Final values 1 55 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.70 [‐6.12, 0.72]
11.2 Change scores 4 221 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.41, 0.53]
12 QoL at up to 6 months (overall QoL and mental QoL) 3 224 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.00 [‐0.35, 0.34]
12.1 Final values 1 120 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.29, 0.43]
12.2 Mean change 2 104 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.71, 0.72]
13 Mean total cholesterol at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 4 390 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐8.61 [‐18.28, 1.06]
13.1 Final values 2 286 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.62 [‐14.70, 5.46]
13.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐14.15 [‐36.29, 7.98]
14 Mean total cholesterol at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 4 276 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐11.90 [‐21.80, ‐2.01]
14.1 Final values 2 172 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.81 [‐17.14, 9.51]
14.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐17.57 [‐29.32, ‐5.81]
15 Mean total cholesterol at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 2 338 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.40 [‐14.34, 5.53]
15.1 Final values 2 338 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.40 [‐14.34, 5.53]
16 Mean LDL at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 3 300 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.25 [‐6.01, 8.50]
16.1 Final values 2 275 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.20 [‐7.10, 9.50]
16.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.4 [‐13.55, 16.35]
17 Mean LDL at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 4 183 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.93 [‐14.13, 4.27]
17.1 Final values 1 52 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 7.80 [‐11.20, 26.80]
17.2 Change scores 3 131 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐8.21 [‐17.26, 0.84]
18 Mean LDL at up to 12 months (mg/dL) 1 218 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [‐9.82, 10.76]
18.1 Final values 1 218 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [‐9.82, 10.76]
19 Mean HDL at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 4 390 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐2.03, 2.07]
19.1 Final values 2 286 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.36 [‐6.77, 4.04]
19.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.43 [‐2.69, 3.54]
20 Mean HDL at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 4 275 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.58 [‐5.02, 1.85]
20.1 Final scores 2 171 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐9.27, 8.55]
20.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.69 [‐5.70, 0.32]
21 Mean HDL at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 2 340 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [‐1.88, 2.57]
22 Mean triglycerides at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 3 311 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐39.06 [‐61.28, ‐16.85]
22.1 Final values 2 286 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐42.30 [‐68.95, ‐15.65]
22.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐31.70 [‐71.90, 8.50]
23 Mean triglycerides at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 2 80 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐12.86 [‐37.60, 11.87]
23.1 Final values 1 55 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐17.20 [‐60.10, 25.70]
23.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐10.7 [‐40.97, 19.57]
24 Mean triglycerides at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 1 229 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐8.57 [‐34.89, 17.75]
25 Final mean knowledge at up to 3 months 4 305 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐0.07, 0.79]
25.1 Mean values 2 201 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [‐0.26, 0.97]
25.2 Change scores 2 104 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.59, 1.24]
26 Final mean knowledge (diabetes and nutrition knowledge) at up to 6 months 6 591 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [0.29, 0.65]
26.1 Mean values 4 487 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [0.29, 0.65]
26.2 Change scores 2 104 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [‐0.47, 1.18]
27 Final mean knowledge at 1 year 1 111 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.22 [‐0.15, 0.60]
28 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment [on diet and health beliefs on barriers] at 3 to 4 months 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.01, 0.90]
28.1 Change scores 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.01, 0.90]
29 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment on diet (can choose correct food) at 6 months 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.06, 0.95]
29.1 Change scores 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.06, 0.95]
30 Mean quality of life measures at 3 to 4 months 2 104 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐0.03, 0.75]
30.1 Final values 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
30.2 Change scores 2 104 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐0.03, 0.75]
31 Mean quality of life scores at 6 months 1 120 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.29, 0.43]
31.1 Mean values 1 120 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.29, 0.43]
32 Mean quality of life scores at 1 year 1 114 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.53, 0.20]
33 Mean HbA1c at all endpoints 9 1336 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.57 [‐0.81, ‐0.32]
33.1 Final values 4 659 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐0.62, ‐0.16]
33.2 Change scores 5 677 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.69 [‐1.08, ‐0.30]
34 Mean total cholesterol at all endpoints 5 503 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.46 [‐15.56, 2.64]
34.1 Final values 3 399 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.03 [‐11.06, 7.00]
34.2 Change scores 2 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐14.15 [‐36.29, 7.98]