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. 2014 Sep 4;2014(9):CD006424. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006424.pub3

Comparison 9. Subgroup analysis of studies involving a link worker or community worker in the intervention HE.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 HbA1c at 3 months 7 876 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.59, ‐0.13]
1.1 Mean HbA1c 5 621 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.53, 0.08]
1.2 Change HbA1c 2 255 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.54 [‐0.89, ‐0.20]
2 Mean HbA1c at up to 6 months 9 1271 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.58 [‐0.89, ‐0.27]
2.1 Final values 4 677 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.19, ‐0.10]
2.2 Change HbA1c 5 594 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.55 [‐0.97, ‐0.13]
3 Mean HbA1c at up to 1 year 6 1164 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐0.59, ‐0.07]
3.1 Final values 4 609 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.55 [‐0.85, ‐0.24]
3.2 Change scores 2 555 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.37, 0.18]
4 Mean HbA1c at 24 months 4 2268 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐0.61, ‐0.06]
4.1 Mean value 2 253 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.71 [‐1.07, ‐0.35]
4.2 Change value 2 2015 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.16 [‐0.31, ‐0.02]
5 Mean BMI at up to 3 months (kg/m2) 2 42 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.12 [‐1.85, 1.61]
5.1 Final values 1 17 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.23 [‐3.46, 3.00]
5.2 Change score 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐2.13, 1.97]
6 BMI at 6 months 4 246 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.38 [‐0.78, 0.03]
6.1 Mean value 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.2 Change value 4 246 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.38 [‐0.78, 0.03]
7 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 3 months (mm Hg) 2 252 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.32 [‐7.67, 5.03]
7.1 Final values 1 227 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.29 [‐8.02, 1.44]
7.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.0 [‐6.77, 14.77]
8 Systolic blood pressure at 6 months 4 248 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.27 [‐1.76, 4.30]
8.1 Mean value 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.2 Change scores 4 248 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.27 [‐1.76, 4.30]
9 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg) 1 225 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.43 [‐7.23, 2.37]
9.1 Final values 1 225 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.43 [‐7.23, 2.37]
10 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 3 months (mm Hg) 2 252 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.02 [‐4.39, 0.35]
10.1 Final values 1 227 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.91 [‐4.42, 0.60]
10.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.87 [‐9.97, 4.23]
11 Diastolic blood pressure at 6 months 4 248 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.55 [‐0.70, 3.81]
11.1 Mean values 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.2 Change scores 4 248 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.55 [‐0.70, 3.81]
12 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg) 1 225 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.89 [‐4.55, 0.77]
12.1 Final values 1 225 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.89 [‐4.55, 0.77]
13 Mean total cholesterol at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 3 399 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.05 [‐12.05, 3.95]
13.1 Final values 2 374 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.30 [‐13.40, 4.80]
13.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.2 [‐20.03, 13.63]
14 Mean total cholesterol at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 5 668 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐8.97, 9.26]
14.1 Final values 3 539 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.30 [‐6.67, 9.27]
14.2 Change scores 2 129 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.21 [‐22.89, 20.48]
15 Mean total cholesterol at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 5 1019 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐0.64, ‐0.14]
15.1 Final values 4 694 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.89 [‐8.41, 4.64]
15.2 Change scores 1 325 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐0.64, ‐0.14]
16 LDL cholesterol at 6 months 3 210 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.32 [‐13.46, 4.81]
16.1 Mean value 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16.2 Change scores 3 210 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.32 [‐13.46, 4.81]
17 Mean HDL cholesterol at 6 months 2 220 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.37 [‐0.10, 6.84]
17.1 Mean values 1 116 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.0 [‐1.69, 9.69]
17.2 Change scores 1 104 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.0 [‐1.38, 7.38]
18 Mean HDL at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 1 111 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.0 [‐4.70, 6.70]
19 Mean triglycerides at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 2 254 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐38.56 [‐61.80, ‐15.31]
19.1 Final values 1 229 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐42.0 [‐70.50, ‐13.50]
19.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐31.70 [‐71.90, 8.50]
20 Mean triglycerides at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 2 129 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 16.47 [‐39.98, 72.91]
20.1 Change scores 2 129 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 16.47 [‐39.98, 72.91]
21 Mean triglycerides at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 1 229 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐8.57 [‐34.89, 17.75]
22 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment [on diet and health beliefs on barriers] at up to 3 months 1 17 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.92, 0.98]
22.1 Final values 1 17 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.92, 0.98]
23 Final mean self‐efficacy and empowerment on diet (can choose correct food) at 6 months 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
23.1 Final values 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24 Diabetes knowledge at 3 months 5 533 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.29 [0.04, 0.53]
24.1 Final values 4 508 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.09, 0.57]
24.2 Change score 1 25 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐1.01, 0.59]
25 Mean knowledge (diabetes and nutrition knowledge) at up to 6 months 5 607 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.55 [0.29, 0.80]
25.1 Final values 4 582 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.39, 0.84]
25.2 Change scores 1 25 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.14 [‐0.94, 0.66]
26 Final mean knowledge at 1 year 2 328 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.13, 0.57]
27 Mean quality of life measures at 3 to 4 months 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.44 [‐0.23, 1.11]
27.1 Final values 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
27.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.44 [‐0.23, 1.11]
28 Mean quality of life scores at 6 months 2 145 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [‐0.36, 1.51]
28.1 Mean values 1 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.5 [‐2.01, 3.01]
28.2 Change scores 1 25 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [‐0.42, 1.60]
29 Mean quality of life scores at 1 year 1 114 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.20 [‐3.84, 1.44]
30 Acute hospital admissions at 24 months 1 542 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.13 [0.09, 0.19]
31 Emergency visits at 6 months 1 352 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.21, 0.16]
31.1 Change values 1 352 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.21, 0.16]