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. 2014 Sep 4;2014(9):CD006424. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006424.pub3

Comparison 15. Subgroup analysis of interventions lasting longer than 3 months.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 HbA1c at 3 months 5 804 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.51 [‐0.92, ‐0.11]
1.1 Mean values 3 495 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.23 [‐0.60, 0.14]
1.2 Change scores 2 309 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.87 [‐1.62, ‐0.12]
2 Mean HbA1c at up to 6 months 8 955 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.00, ‐0.30]
2.1 Final values 4 659 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.62 [‐1.09, ‐0.15]
2.2 Change scores 4 296 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.68 [‐1.29, ‐0.06]
3 Mean HbA1c at up to 1 year 8 1686 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.38, ‐0.05]
3.1 Final values 6 1131 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.51, ‐0.05]
3.2 Change scores 2 555 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.37, 0.18]
4 HbA1c at 24 months 3 2159 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.57, ‐0.01]
4.1 Change value 2 2015 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.16 [‐0.31, ‐0.02]
4.2 Final values 1 144 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.69 [‐1.09, ‐0.29]
5 BMI at 3 months 2 298 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.50, 0.53]
6 Mean BMI at 6 months 5 527 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.16 [‐0.61, 0.28]
6.1 Mean value 1 227 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.77 [‐2.43, 0.89]
6.2 Change value 4 300 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.61, 0.41]
7 Systolic blood pressure at 3 months 2 306 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.76 [‐7.12, 5.59]
7.1 Final values 1 227 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.29 [‐8.02, 1.44]
7.2 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.4 [‐4.63, 11.43]
8 Systolic blood pressure at 6 months 5 475 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.85 [0.01, 3.69]
8.1 Mean value 1 173 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.0 [‐0.38, 4.38]
8.2 Change scores 4 302 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.62 [‐1.28, 4.53]
9 Mean systolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg) 3 753 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [‐2.27, 3.81]
9.1 Final values 3 753 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [‐2.27, 3.81]
10 Diastolic blood pressure at 3 months 2 306 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.69 [‐3.83, 0.45]
10.1 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.1 [‐5.20, 3.00]
10.2 Final values 1 227 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.91 [‐4.42, 0.60]
11 Diastolic blood pressure at 6 months 6 593 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.44 [0.39, 2.49]
11.1 Mean values 2 291 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.81 [‐0.23, 3.86]
11.2 Change scores 4 302 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [‐1.00, 2.99]
12 Mean diastolic blood pressure at up to 1 year (mm Hg) 2 394 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐3.78, 3.84]
12.1 Final values 2 394 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐3.78, 3.84]
13 Mean total cholesterol at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 4 663 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.94 [‐16.33, 4.46]
13.1 Final values 3 584 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.18 [‐8.21, 5.85]
13.2 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐25.8 [‐44.33, ‐7.27]
14 Mean total cholesterol at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 4 530 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.18 [‐22.16, 11.81]
14.1 Final values 2 347 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [‐12.91, 14.88]
14.2 Change scores 2 183 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐11.09 [‐51.17, 28.98]
15 Mean total cholesterol at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 5 1019 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐0.64, ‐0.14]
15.1 Final values 4 694 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.89 [‐8.41, 4.64]
15.2 Change scores 1 325 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐0.64, ‐0.14]
16 Mean LDL at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 2 299 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐11.35 [‐47.92, 25.21]
16.1 Final values 1 220 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.56 [‐10.26, 9.14]
16.2 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐43.60 [‐103.94, 16.74]
17 LDL cholesterol at 6 months 4 289 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.31 [‐17.59, 4.98]
17.1 Mean value 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.2 Change scores 4 289 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.31 [‐17.59, 4.98]
18 Mean LDL at up to 12 months (mg/dL) 2 559 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [‐5.39, 7.00]
18.1 Final values 2 559 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [‐5.39, 7.00]
19 Mean HDL at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 2 308 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.57 [‐1.50, 2.64]
19.1 Final values 1 229 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [‐1.62, 3.32]
19.2 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐3.89, 3.69]
20 Mean HDL cholesterol at 6 months 3 299 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [‐3.61, 5.63]
20.1 Mean values 1 116 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.0 [‐1.69, 9.69]
20.2 Change scores 2 183 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐6.12, 5.82]
21 Mean HDL at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 2 340 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [‐1.88, 2.57]
22 Mean triglycerides at up to 3 months (mg/dL) 3 513 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐29.83 [‐64.81, 5.16]
22.1 Final values 2 434 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐24.49 [‐59.96, 10.98]
22.2 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐98.3 [‐221.16, 24.56]
23 Mean triglycerides at up to 6 months (mg/dL) 3 412 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐17.21 [‐97.48, 63.07]
23.1 Final values 1 229 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐48.54 [‐96.10, ‐0.98]
23.2 Change scores 2 183 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.55 [‐124.28, 119.18]
24 Mean triglycerides at up to 1 year (mg/dL) 2 455 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.38 [‐25.11, 20.35]
25 Diabetes knowledge at 3 months 3 439 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.39 [0.05, 0.73]
25.1 Final values 2 360 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.26 [‐0.09, 0.61]
25.2 Change values 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.74 [0.28, 1.19]
26 Diabetes knowledge at 6 months 4 511 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.34, 0.70]
26.1 Final values 3 432 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.28, 0.69]
26.2 Change values 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.26, 1.17]
27 Final mean knowledge at 1 year 2 328 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.13, 0.57]
28 Mean BMI at up to 12 months (kg/m2) 1 227 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.11 [‐1.80, 1.58]
29 Quality of life at 3 months 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [‐0.12, 0.77]
29.1 Change scores 1 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [‐0.12, 0.77]
30 Quality of life at 6 months 2 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.25 [‐1.99, 4.50]
30.1 Final values 1 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.5 [‐2.01, 3.01]
30.2 Change scores 1 79 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.90 [‐2.53, 12.33]
31 Mean quality of life scores at 1 year 1 114 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.20 [‐3.84, 1.44]
32 Acute hospital admissions at 24 months 1 542 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.13 [0.09, 0.19]