Fig. 9.

Metformin inhibits NLRP3/IL-1β pathway activation through TET2 in microglia cell lines. A Representative western blot analysis of TET2, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC protein in the BV-2 cells from three groups. B Normalized expression of TET2, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC protein in the BV-2 cells by western blot analysis. C, D Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by ELISA in the cell culture supernatant. E Representative immunofluorescence images of colocalization of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC in in the BV-2 cells from three groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)