Table 2. List of some important conditions that we are going to review.

ASD: autism spectrum disorder; ADHD: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome. 

Conditions	Definition
Preterm infants	Babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered preterm. Based on the gestational age, preterm birth is divided into the following subcategories: very premature birth (less than 28 weeks), extremely preterm (28 to under 32 weeks), and late to moderate preterm (32-37 weeks).
Cerebral palsy	Mobility, balance, and posture are all impacted by a set of illnesses collectively referred to as cerebral palsy. During early childhood or preschool, signs and symptoms first arise. Poor mobility brought on by cerebral palsy is indicated by abnormal posture, floppiness or spasticity of the limbs and trunk, excessive reflexes, uncontrollable motions, shaky walking, or any other combination of these symptoms.
Torticollis	It is a condition that causes a baby's head to twist and tilt to one side because of the neck muscles. Torticollis is also known by the term "WRYNECK." Torticollis can be caused by a variety of conditions, including muscular fibrosis, congenital problems with the spine, and toxic or traumatic brain injury. Congenital cases of torticollis and acquired cases can be broadly classified.
Spina bifida	It is a spinal condition that is typically noticeable from birth. This specific abnormality affects the neural tube. Spina bifida can appear anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not completely close. Spina bifida, myelomeningocele, and meningocele are the types of spina bifida.
ASD	Autism spectrum disorder is defined by limited repetitive behavioral patterns and trouble with social communication. The term "spectrum" describes the wide range of signs and degrees of severity connected with autism spectrum disorder.
Down syndrome	It has a certain facial appearance, a developmental delay, and an intellectual handicap. It could be related to thyroid or heart problems. Usually, a "nondisjunction" flaw in cell division causes it. Down syndrome is a hereditary disorder caused by a faulty cell division process that adds an extra whole or partial copy of chromosome 21. This excess genetic material contributes to the physical characteristics and developmental problems of Down syndrome.
ADHD	ADHD is the most common neurobehavioral illness in children. It frequently receives its initial diagnosis as a youngster and persists into adulthood. It is well established that ADHD can have negative consequences on a person's academic performance, career prospects, and even day-to-day functioning. ADHD is thought to be a serious and persistent disorder.
Erb's palsy	An arm paralysis caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's major nerves, particularly the upper trunk C5-C8 nerves. The brachial plexus is composed of the ventral rami of the thoracic nerve T1 and the spinal nerves C5-C8. The majority of the time, but not always, shoulder dystocia following a difficult delivery is to blame for these injuries. Depending on the type of lesion, the paralysis could go away on its own with time, call for therapy or surgery.
ARDS	This condition causes fluid to accumulate in the air sacs of the lungs, preventing oxygen from reaching vital organs. It affects infants as a result of an accident or infection. It can be used to diagnose infants with hypoxia.