Figure 2. Knockdown of IFIH1 or MAVS in dendritic cells prevents ISG15 induction by HIV-1.

A, CD14⁺ monocytes were transduced with shRNA-puromycin resistance vectors targeting MAVS, DDX58, IFIH1, or luciferase (LUC) control, as indicated, and cells were differentiated into dendritic cells under puromycin selection as in Fig. 1A. Representative immunoblots show the protein signal in the indicated samples. B, Differentiated cells were transduced with HIV-1-GFP for three days, and then assessed by flow cytometry for intracellular ISG15. Plots show relative ISG15 signal in the indicated knockdown cells, with and without HIV-1-GFP transduction (mean ± SEM, n=4 donors). P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. C, Percentage GFP⁺ cells after HIV-1-GFP transduction of the dendritic cells in (B) (mean ± SEM, n=4 donors). P values were determined by two-tailed, paired t test.