A, CD14+ monocytes were transduced with shRNA-puromycin resistant vectors targeting IFIH1, MAVS, or LUC control, as indicated. Cells were selected with puromycin for three days, and differentiated into macrophages in the presence of GM-CSF. Cells were transduced with HIV-1-GFP for three days and then assessed by flow cytometry for intracellular ISG15. Plots show relative ISG15 signal in the indicated knockdown cells, with and without HIV-1-GFP transduction (mean ± SEM, n=4 donors). P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. B, Quantification of GFP+ cell populations in donors used in the experiments for (A) (mean ± SEM, n=4 donors). P values were determined by two-tailed, paired t-test. C, As in (A), except that macrophages were infected with either encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) or Sendai virus (SeV), instead of with HIV-1-GFP (mean ± SEM, n=4 donors). P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.