Table 3.
Outcome at Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 After Surgery by Group.
| PBI Group (n = 21) | ADOC-H Group (n = 20) | Main Effect; Group | Main Effect; Time | Time-by-Group Interaction | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Week 8 | Baseline | Week 4 | Week 8 | F-value | p-value | F-value | p-value | F-value | p-value | η 2 | |
| ROM (%) | |||||||||||||
| Wrist flexion | 48.2 ± 10.1 | 57.6 ± 8.8 | 69.2 ± 9.5 | 51.3 ± 9.5 | 62.1 ± 10.1 | 70.5 ± 8.6 | 2.397 | .126 | 30.855 | <.001** | .288 | .751 | .004 |
| Wrist extension | 57.1 ± 9.1 | 66.5 ± 8.7 | 76.8 ± 9.4 | 56.7 ± 10.9 | 66.1 ± 9.6 | 80.8 ± 8.6 | .221 | .640 | 32.985 | <.001** | .452 | .638 | .006 |
| Forearm supination | 88.5 ± 12.5 | 93.7 ± 8.3 | 96.0 ± 5.3 | 85.7 ± 12.3 | 92.9 ± 7.6 | 94.4 ± 5.1 | .808 | .371 | 5.360 | .007** | .079 | .924 | .002 |
| Forearm pronation | 89.3 ± 10.1 | 94.8 ± 6.1 | 96.0 ± 4.8 | 86.5 ± 10.8 | 92.1 ± 7.1 | 94.0 ± 4.9 | 2.284 | .135 | 5.759 | .005** | .004 | .996 | .000 |
| NRS (points) | |||||||||||||
| Rest pain | .8 ± .9 | .6 ± .9 | .4 ± .7 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | .5 ± .6 | .2 ± .4 | .026 | .872 | 4.224 | .018* | .854 | .429 | .020 |
| Motion pain | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | .8 ± .7 | .619 | .434 | 7.107 | .001** | .301 | .741 | .007 |
| PCS (points) | 14.2 ± 7.4 | 10.5 ± 4.1 | 4.8 ± 2.5 | 12.3 ± 6.7 | 5.2 ± 3.3 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 10.005 | .002** | 28.452 | <.001** | .853 | .430 | 0.022 |
| Rumination | 9.7 ± 5.4 | 7.2 ± 2.9 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 5.7 | 4.2 ± 3.1 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 6.167 | .015* | 19.240 | <.001** | .531 | .590 | .009 |
| Helplessness | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 1.1 ± .7 | .5 ± .6 | 3.540 | .064 | 7.430 | .001** | 5.120 | .008** | .097 |
| Magnification | 1.7 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | .5 ± .9 | 1.5 ± 2.7 | .6 ± 1.4 | .3 ± .7 | .597 | .442 | 3.783 | .027* | .171 | .843 | .004 |
| HADS (points) | 11.0 ± 3.1 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 1.4 | 12.7 ± 3.8 | 7.9 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 1.130 | .291 | 56.170 | <.001** | 7.870 | <.001** | .076 |
| DASH (points) | 70.8 ± 5.9 | 42.5 ± 5.8 | 35.2 ± 5.5 | 73.2 ± 5.8 | 33.5 ± 7.1 | 19.9 ± 2.8 | 32.000 | <.001** | 425.800 | <.001** | 15.900 | <.001** | .032 |
PBI = physical function-based interventions; ADOC-H = aid for decision-making in occupation choice for hand; ROM = range of motion; NRS = numerical rating scale; PCS = pain catastrophizing scale; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; DASH = disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance; *p < .05, **p < .01.