Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who underwent MMA embolization with particle or liquid embolic agents.
| Variable | Upfront MMA embolization | Prior surgical evacuation | Concurrent surgery | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particles (n = 102) | Liquid (n = 31) | P value | Particles (n = 41) | Liquid (n = 18) | P value | Particles (n = 11) | Liquid (n = 5) | P value | |
| Sex (male) | 65.7%, n = 67/102 | 77.4%, n = 24/31 | 0.218 | 80.5%, n = 33/41 | 88.9%, n = 16/18 | 0.428 | 100%, n = 11/11 | 80%, n = 4/5 | 0.126 |
| Age in years | 70.0 ± 13.3 (33–94) | 70.8 ± 15.3 (38–96) | 0.726 | 73.5 ± 11.7 (37–98) | 61.8 ± 17.7 (1.5–82) | 0.004 | 72.1 ± 11.8 (47–87) | 68.6 ± 4.4 (62–74) | 0.528 |
| White race | 69.2%, n = 65/94 | 79.3%, n = 23/29 | 0.289 | 79.4%, n = 27/34 | 100%, n = 18/18 | 0.039 | 72.7%, n = 8/11 | 80%, n = 4/5 | 0.755 |
| Radial access | 10.8%, n = 11/102 | 22.6%, n = 7/31 | 0.093 | 19.5%, n = 8/41 | 38.9%, n = 7/18 | 0.116 | 9.09%, n = 1/11 | 40%, n = 2/5 | 0.142 |
| General anesthesia | 47.1%, n = 48/102 | 35.5%, n = 11/31 | 0.256 | 46.3%, n = 19/41 | 27.8%, n = 5/18 | 0.181 | 72.7%, n = 8/11 | 20.0%, n = 1/5 | 0.049 |
| Duration (min) | 65.7 ± 26.0 (19–140) | 75 ± 35.6 (30–140) | 0.116 | 53.0 ± 18.0 (19–90) | 74.7 ± 26.1 (34–128) | <0.001 | 65.3 ± 29.9 (33–140) | 70.0 ± 46.4 (23–140) | 0.808 |
| Use of coils additionally | 65.7%, n = 67/102 | 3.23%, n = 1/31 | <0.001 | 53.7%, n = 22/41 | 11.1%, n = 2/18 | 0.003 | 45.5%, n = 5/11 | 0%, n = 0/5 | 0.119 |
| Patient on anticoagulation therapy | 22.6%, n = 23/102 | 22.6%, n = 7/31 | 0.997 | 22.0%, n = 9/41 | 11.1%, n = 2/18 | 0.325 | 0%, n = 0/11 | 40%, n = 2/5 | 0.025 |
| Patient on antiplatelet therapy | 35.6%, n = 36/101 | 25.8%, n = 8/31 | 0.309 | 25%, n = 10/40 | 23.5%, n = 4/17 | 0.805 | 45.5%, n = 5/11 | 40%, n = 2/5 | 0.838 |
| Embolization of both MMA branches | 76.2%, n = 77/101 | 82.8%, n = 24/29 | 0.457 | 75%, n = 30/40 | 77.8%, n = 14/18 | 0.819 | 72.7%, n = 8/11 | 80%, n = 4/5 | 0.755 |
| Technical success | 97.1%, n = 99/102 | 100%, n = 31/31 | 1.000 | 100%, n = 41/41 | 94.4%, n = 17/18 | 0.305 | 100%, n = 11/11 | 100%, n = 5/5 | 1.000 |
| Complications | 11.6%, n = 11/102 | 3.2%, n = 1/31 | 0.465 | 7.3%, n = 3/41 | 0%, n = 0/18 | 0.549 | 0%, n = 0/11 | 0%, n = 0/5 | 1.000 |
| Retreatments | 8.0%, n = 8/100 | 0%, n = 0/31 | 0.197 | 2.4%, n = 1/41 | 5.6%, n = 1/18 | 0.521 | 0%, n = 0/11 | 0%, n = 0/5 | 1.00 |
| 50% improvement at 90 days | 61.8%, n = 63/102 | 61.3%, n = 19/31 | 0.962 | 61.0%, n = 25/41 | 55.6%, n = 10/18 | 0.696 | 72.7%, n = 8/11 | 20%, n = 1/5 | 0.106 |
Data reported as % with n, or mean ± SD (range). Boldface type indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05.
MMA, middle meningeal artery.