Table 1. Summary of use of nanoparticles in reproduction.
| Nanoparticle used | Effect | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)-antiubiquitin antibodies (Abs) complex | Successful depletion of dead/damaged spermatozoa from buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) semen | Bisla et al. (2021) |
| 2 | Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based sexing in donkeys | Highly effective in selecting X spermatozoa, without affecting several physiological sperm parameters | Domínguez et al. (2018) |
| 3 | Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) | Magnetic tools (MNP) improve fertility in magnetic assisted cell-sorting or MACS as an effective method | Durfey et al. (2017); Farini et al. (2016) |
| 4 | Zinc oxide nanoparticles for cryopreservation |
Higher percentage of total and progressive motility in frozen-thawed samples in ZnONPs group compared to control. Chromatin damage and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly lower | Isaac et al. (2017) |
| 5 | Silver nanoparticles | Effective antimicrobial agent in porcine sperm to replace conventional antibiotics | Pérez‐Duran et al. (2020) |
| 6 | Zinc nanoparticles | Increase mitochondrial activity, enhances membrane integrity, reduce lipid peroxidation, improves total antioxidant capacity in bovine spermatozoa | Jahanbin et al. (2021) |
| 7 | Cerium oxide (CeO2) | Motility parameters of semen improved after 48 h of incubation. Integrity of plasma membranes of spermatozoa maintained |
Falchi et al. (2018) |
| 8 | Selenium nano-particles (Se-NPs) |
1.0 μg/ml improved post-thaw sperm quality of Holstein bulls, reduced apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and sperm damage that occurs during cryopreservation. | Khalil et al. (2019) |
| 9 | Silver-carbon NPs (Ag@C NPs) |
Efficient antimicrobial activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration: 3.125–12.5 μg/mL) against the E. Coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and strong bactericidal effect on S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration: 3.125 μg/mL), with no detrimental effect on the percentage of sperm motility plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and normal sperm morphology at concentrations of 15 and 30 μg/mL, respectively, after a cold storage of 48 h. | Yousef et al. (2021) |
| 10 | Green synthesized gold nanoparticles (GSGNPs, 5; 10ppm/mL) | Increased motility, livability, and membrane integrity post-equilibration, improved in Tris-extended samples in post-equilibrated and post-thawed semen. Viable sperm increased, early apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic sperm decreased @10 ppm GSGPNs. |
Ismail et al. (2020) |