Table 6. Effect of silver nanoparticles on the actual kinematic parameters in semen before and after freezing.

Parameter		Control	Group 1 (NP- 125 µg/ml)	Group 2 (NP- 250 µg/ml)	p value
DAP μm	Before Freezing	21.20 ± 0.85	21.85 ± 0.83	21.65 ± 0.87	0.859
	After Freezing	29.88b ± 1.05	33.12ab ± 1.64	38.05a ± 2.40	0.008
DCL μm	Before Freezing	36.65 ± 1.50	35.1 ± 1.30	35.5 ± 1.41	0.723
	After Freezing	51.15± 2.01	49.71 ± 2.70	56.60 ± 3.93	0.237
DSL μm	Before Freezing	17.9 ± 0.82	19.35 ± 0.87	19.15 ± 0.82	0.423
	After Freezing	27.5 ± 1.29b	29.98ab ± 1.58	34.8a ± 2.28	0.017
ALH μm	Before Freezing	6.60a ± 0.24	5.60b ± 0.25	6.00ab ± 0.14	0.008
	After Freezing	6.97a ± 0.31	6.14b ± 0.26	5.92b ± 0.20	0.017
VAP μm/s	Before Freezing	81.95 ± 2.11	78.75 ± 3.23	81.55 ± 2.50	0.651
	After Freezing	97.85 ± 4.83	99.76 ± 3.34	104.45 ± 5.06	0.566
VCL μm/s	Before Freezing	139.25 ± 4.60	125.9 ± 4.93	131.45 ± 3.81	0.701
	After Freezing	158.05± 7.23	149.00 ± 6.14	154.85 ± 7.93	0.663
VSL μm/s	Before Freezing	70.45 ± 1.87	70.4 ± 3.10	73.05 ± 2.36	0.115
	After Freezing	86.2 ± 4.58	90.84 ± 3.22	96 ± 4.80	0.274
BCF Hz	Before Freezing	25.8b ± 0.44	27.60a ± 0.47	27.25a ± 0.48	0.019
	After Freezing	27.23 ± 0.71	27.72 ± 0.82	29.02 ±0.88	0.279

Mean values with different superscript in a row differ significantly (p<0.05).