Table 2.
Evaluation of study quality via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
| Adequate definition of the cases | Representativeness of the cases | Selection of Controls | Definition of Controls | Controlled for GA | Controlled for other factors | Ascertainment of the exposure | The exact method of ascertainment of exposure for cases and controls | Non-response rate | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desai, 2014[17] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Thompson, 2015[19] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Lyell, 2015[18] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Büke, 2018[20] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Penzhoyan, 2019[21] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Borovkov, 2020[22] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Wang, 2021[23] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Wu, 2022[24] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
GA = gestational age.