TABLE 2.
Baseline Characteristics Stratified by 21-Day Outcomes
| Characteristics, n (%) or Median (IQR) | 21-d Transplant-Free Survival (N = 475) | 21-d Liver Transplant or Death (N = 517) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 37 (29–49) | 41 (29–53) | 0.003 |
|
| |||
| Sex (male) | 136/475 (28.6) | 180/517 (34.8) | 0.037 |
|
| |||
| Race | < 0.001 | ||
| White | 376/475 (79.2) | 351/517 (67.9) | |
| African-American | 61/475 (12.8) | 96/517 (18.6) | |
| Others | 38/475 (8.0) | 70/517 (13.5) | |
|
| |||
| Etiology (N = 991) | < 0.001 | ||
| Acetaminophen paracetamol overdose | 295/475 (62.1) | 143/516 (27.7) | |
| Others | 180/475 (37.9) | 373/516 (72.3) | |
|
| |||
| Organ failures and support | |||
| Hepatic encephalopathy Grade 3–4 D1 | 211/475 (44.4) | 244/517 (47.2) | 0.70 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation D1 (N = 991) | 212/475 (44.6) | 258/516 (50.0) | 0.09 |
| Vasopressors D1 (N = 991) | 70/475 (14.7) | 116/516 (22.5) | 0.002 |
| RRT D1 | 96/475 (20.2) | 111/517 (21.5) | 0.63 |
| RRT D1–D3 | 138/475 (29.1) | 179/517 (34.6) | 0.06 |
|
| |||
| Laboratory (serum) | |||
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.94 (0.88–1.10) | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 0.18 |
| Serum creatinine D1 (mg/dL) | 1.70 (0.90–3.10) | 1.74 (0.90–3.00) | 0.88 |
| Serum creatinine D3 (mg/dL) | 1.40 (0.80–3.10) | 1.90 (1.00–3.10) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count D1 (109/L) (N = 986) | 127 (86–188) | 124 (76–189) | 0.37 |
| International normalized ratio D1 | 2.9 (2.1–4.2) | 3.1 (2.3–4.9) | 0.002 |
| Bilirubin D1 (mg/dL) (n = 986) | 5.2 (3.2–9.0) | 16.2 (6.1–26.0) | < 0.001 |
| Alanine transferase D1 (U/L) (N = 981) | 3,239 (1,427–5,660) | 1,063 (340–3,280) | < 0.001 |
| Serum ammonia D1 (μmol/L) (N = 562) | 94 (58–144) | 107 (71–170) | 0.003 |
| pH D1 (n = 753) | 7.42 (7.36–7.48) | 7.42 (7.35–7.48) | 0.79 |
| Potassium D1 (mmol/L) (N = 991) | 3.8 (3.4–4.2) | 3.9 (3.5–4.5) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate D1 (mmol/L) (N = 543) | 3.5 (2.3–5.5) | 5.4 (3.5–9.5) | < 0.001 |
| MELD D1 (N = 986) | 32 (27–38) | 37 (32–43) | < 0.001 |
| MELD D3 (N = 970) | 29 (23–35) | 36 (31–42) | < 0.001 |
| Maximum MELD D1–D7 | 34 (28–40) | 41 (36–47) | < 0.001 |
| AKI D1 | 296/475 (62.3) | 331/517 (64.0) | 0.58 |
| Kidney recovery D3 | < 0.001 | ||
| Transient AKI | 44/475 (9.3) | 18/517 (3.5) | |
| Persistent AKI | 252/475 (53.1) | 313/517 (60.5) | |
| Late-onset AKI | 24/475 (5.1) | 43/517 (8.3) | |
| No AKI | 155/475 (32.6) | 143/517 (27.0) | |
| Year of enrollment (≥ 2008) | 194/475 (40.8) | 177/517 (34.2) | 0.032 |
AKI = acute kidney injury, D1 = day 1 post inclusion, D3 = day 3 post inclusion, D7 = day 7 post inclusion, IQR = interquartile range, MELD = model for end-stage liver disease, RRT = renal replacement therapy.
α = 0.05.