Table 1.
Comparison of Baseline Characteristics of Rifampin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Household Contacts at Baseline and 1-Year Visits
| Baseline Characteristic | Baseline Visit (n = 1016) | 1-Year Visita (n = 850) | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, (interquartile range), y | 25 (12, 43) | 25 (11, 43) | .48 |
| Sexc | … | … | .94 |
| Female | 598 (59%) | 501 (59%) | … |
| Male | 418 (41%) | 349 (41%) | … |
| Age group, y | … | … | .52 |
| <5 | 103 (10%) | 89 (10%) | … |
| 5 to <15 | 201 (20%) | 171 (20%) | … |
| 15 to <45 | 477 (47%) | 387 (46%) | … |
| ≥45 | 235 (23%) | 203 (24%) | … |
| HIV status | … | … | .40 |
| Diagnosed with HIV | 65 (6%) | 50 (6%) | … |
| Not diagnosed with HIV or unknown | 951 (94%) | 800 (94%) | … |
| TB riskd | … | … | .66 |
| Not high-risk | 232 (23%) | 200 (24%) | … |
| High-riske | 775 (76%) | 641 (75%) | … |
| Age <5 y | 102 (13%) | 88 (14%) | … |
| Diagnosed with HIV | 63 (8%) | 49 (8%) | … |
| TB infection-positive | 610 (79%) | 504 (79%) | … |
| Country | … | … | <.01 |
| Botswana | 38 (4%) | 37 (4%) | … |
| Brazil | 17 (2%) | 17 (2%) | … |
| Haiti | 52 (5%) | 39 (5%) | … |
| India | 206 (20%) | 190 (22%) | … |
| Kenya | 12 (1%) | 10 (1%) | … |
| Peru | 203 (20%) | 181 (21%) | … |
| South Africa | 458 (45%) | 348 (41%) | … |
| Thailand | 30 (3%) | 28 (3%) | … |
| Employed/in school | 504 (50%) | 412 (48%) | .07 |
| Highest education attained | … | … | .17 |
| None | 246 (24%) | 213 (25%) | … |
| Primary | 328 (32%) | 283 (33%) | … |
| Secondary | 351 (35%) | 275 (32%) | … |
| College/university or higher | 83 (8%) | 71 (8%) | … |
| Unknown | 8 (1%) | 8 (1%) | … |
| History of incarceration | 21 (2%) | 15 (2%) | .79 |
| Medical history | … | … | … |
| Current or former smoker | 212 (21%) | 165 (19%) | .28 |
| Self-reported diabetes | 26 (3%) | 24 (3%) | .02 |
| Daily alcohol consumptionf | 60 (6%) | 39 (5%) | .01 |
| History of substance usef | 59 (6%) | 43 (5%) | .05 |
| Prior history of TB treatment | 89 (9%) | 73 (9%) | .56 |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; TB, tuberculosis.
Includes n = 6 individuals who died between baseline and 1-year visit. Individuals who were TB infection (TBI)-positive at baseline were not tested again for TBI, but were assessed for tuberculosis disease.
Score test from generalized estimating equations models.
Information on gender was not collected, which might differ from sex assigned at birth.
Excludes 9 household contacts diagnosed with TB before initial study entry.
High-risk defined as age <5 years (regardless of HIV and TBI status); age ≥5 years and diagnosed with HIV (regardless of TBI status); or age ≥5 years, not diagnosed with HIV/unknown and TBI-positive at entry via tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay.
Alcohol and substance use were self-reported with a 12-month recall period. Alcohol use was defined as a time or times drinking alcoholic beverages almost every day.